Ifayibha yokhuni iyinto elokhu iba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubakhiqizi abafuna izindlela ezizinzile, ezinokusebenza okuphezulu esikhundleni samasondo avamile nezinto eziyinhlanganisela ezenziwe ngabantu. Lesi sihloko sihluza izakhiwo zefayibha yokhuni, izinzuzo zemvelo, nokusetshenziswa okusebenzayo ezimbonini ezahlukene, sinikeza imininingwane esebenzayo emaqenjini okuthenga kanye nokuqamba imikhiqizo. Siphinde sigqamise ukuthi i-义乌市聚集进出口有限公司 isekela kanjani amabhizinisi ngokunikeza imikhiqizo yefayibha yokhuni esezingeni eliphezulu nezixazululo zokukhiqiza eziqondene nawe. Kulo lonke leli bhukwana, amagama ahlobene njenge-hemp wood, i-cedar fiber, i-tree fibers, i-cellulose fiber, kanye ne-wood pulp asetshenziswa ukunikeza umbono ophelele wemakethe kanye nesimo sobuchwepheshe.

I-wood fiber ibhekisela ezintanjeni ze-cellulosic ezitholakala ezihlahleni nezitshalo eziyisihlahla ezingacutshungulwa zibe amaphaneli, izingxenye ezibunjiwe, izinto zokuvikela ukushisa, kanye nokuqinisa okuhlanganisiwe. Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se-wood fiber—amaseli amade, amancane e-cellulose aboshwe yi-lignin—kwenza kube lula ukucubungula ngomshini kube yi-fiberboard, i-pulp, nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngomshini. Izinto ezintsha ekucubunguleni zivumela ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlanganisela ze-hemp wood ne-cedar fiber ezihlanganisa izakhiwo ezithandwayo zomshini nezinzuzo ezinephunga elimnandi noma ezisebenzayo. Ukuqonda ubude be-fiber, isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi, kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa kubalulekile ekukhetheni okufanele kukhethwe okufanele kusetshenziswe kuhlelo oluthile.

Abakhiqizi bavame ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezintambo ezinde ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisa kanye nezintambo ezimfushane ezisetshenziselwa amaphaneli aqinile; lokhu kuthinta izakhiwo ezifana namandla okudonsa, ukuqina kokugoba, kanye nokuqedwa kobuso. Ngokwesibonelo, izintambo zezihlahla ezivela ezinhlotsheni zezinkuni ezilukhuni zikhiqiza izici ezihlukile zokubopha nokuqedela kunezentambo ezivela ezinkuni ezithambile. Ezicelo zobunjiniyela, okuqukethwe kwezintambo ze-cellulose kanye nezinga lokucwengwa kuthinta ukuthathwa kwamanzi, ukuzinza kobukhulu, kanye nokubopha nge-resins noma izibopho. Ulwazi ngalezi zici luvumela onjiniyela ukuthi babike ukusebenza futhi balungise izimo zokucubungula.

Izigaba zokucubungula njengokugaya, ukuhlukanisa izintambo ngomshini, kanye nokwelashwa okushisayo noma amakhemikhali kuguqula izintambo ukuze kutholwe izici ezifunwayo. Ukucubungula ngomshini kugcina ubude bezintambo bokuqala futhi kungakhiqiza izinto zokuqinisa ezinamandla aphezulu, kanti ukugaya ngamakhemikhali kukhiqiza i-cellulose ehlanzekile enokuqukethwe kwe-lignin okuphansi, efanelekayo entweni ye-cellulose esezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezicelo ezikhethekile. Izindlela ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa izintambo zamahlathi ezihlahla zingathuthukisa ukumelana nomthelela kanye neziqu zokuthola izinto ezizinzile. Kubaqembu abathengayo, ukujwayelana nalezi zindlela zokucubungula kusiza ekucaciseni izigaba zezinto kanye nokuqinisekisa ikhwalitashe yokuphakela engaguquki.

Ukuqiniswa kwekhwalithi ekukhiqizeni i-wood fiber ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi ukuhlaziywa kwe-fiber morphology, ukulinganisa okuqukethwe umswakama, kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinto ezingcolisa umkhiqizo ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kokukhiqizwa okuzayo. Abahlinzeki abanokuqinisekiswa bavame ukuhlinzeka ngamashidi edatha yezobuchwepheshe achaza ukusatshalaliswa kobude be-fiber, ubukhulu obuningi, nokuqukethwe uthuthu. Ukukhetha umhlinzeki odume kahle nezinqubo zokuhlola ezicacile kunciphisa ukuhluka ekukhiqizeni futhi kusiza ukuhlangabezana nezinhloso zokuthobela imithetho zezinto ezikhishwa emoyeni, i-VOCs, nokuvimbela amalangabi lapho kudingeka. Lezi zindlela zibaluleke kakhulu lapho kusetshenziswa izinto ezithathelwa indawo ezifana ne-cedar fiber, engangenisa izinto ezingena emoyeni noma izici ezivusa amakha ezithinta izinqumo zokugcina zokusebenzisa.

I-fiber yokhuni inikeza izinzuzo eziningana zokusebenza kanye nezomnotho uma iqhathaniswa ne-timber eyihlanzekile noma ama-polymers okwenziwa. Isilinganiso sayo esihle samandla-kuya-esisindo siyenza sibe yisinqumo esihle kakhulu sokuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe nezingxenye ezakhiwe ezilula. Uma ihlanganiswa ne-thermoplastic noma i-thermoset matrices, i-fiber yokhuni inganciphisa izindleko zezinto kanye nomthelela wekhabhoni wezingxenye ngenkathi igcina ukusebenza okwamukelekile kwezinto eziningi ezisetshenziswa abantu kanye nezimboni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fiber efana ne-hemp wood ingathuthukisa uqine futhi inikeze indaba yokumaketha eyisimeme ekhuluma nabathengi abazibhekelayo imvelo.

Imikhiqizo yokufaka izinsiza zokushisa nezomsindo ithola inzuzo kusuka kumicrostructure ye-fiber ye-wood enezikhala, ethola umoya futhi yehlisa ukudluliswa kokushisa nokudluliswa komsindo. Ama-fiberboards akhiwe kanye nokufakwa kwe-cellulose angase aphumelele kakhulu kunezinsiza ezisekelwe kumaminerali uma kuziwa kumandla abomvu kanye nokuphinda kusetshenziswe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhiqizo ye-fiber ye-wood ivame ukuba lula ukuyisebenzisa nokuphothula, okuvumela abakhiqizi ukuthi banciphise isikhathi sokucubungula futhi bafinyelele ikhwalithi yesurface engcono kwezimpahla ezibonakalayo zabathengi. Le ndlela yokucubungula ibonakala ekwenzeni izinqubo zokukhiqiza zisheshiswe futhi kwehliswe ukugqoka amathuluzi.

Ngokombono wezomnotho, ubuningi bezintambo zezihlahla kanye nokutholakala kwezinketho zokulima ezifana ne-hemp kunciphisa ukuvuleka ekushintsheni kwamanani okubona ezinsizakalweni ezisekelwe kumafutha. Ukuhlinzekwa kwendawo kwezintambo zokhuni, kuhlanganisa nezihlahla ezikhuliswa ezindaweni zokulima noma imikhiqizo ephumayo ezinkampanini zokugaya, kunciphisa ubude bezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka futhi kwehlisa ukukhishwa kwemithombo. Kubantu abahlose ukufinyelela emjikelezweni, intambo yokhuni iyahambisana nezinhlelo zokuphinda zisetshenziswe nokuhlanjululwa uma ama-adhesives kanye nezokwelapha kukhethwa ngokucabangela ukuvuselelwa kokuphila kokugcina. Lezi zinzuzo zokuphila zenza intambo yokhuni ibe yinsiza ekhangayo ezicwangcweni zomkhiqizo ozinzile.

Ifayibha yokhuni iphinde ihlangane kahle nezinqubo zokukhiqiza ezithuthukisiwe njengokubumba ngomjovo wezingxube zokhuni-ipholimela kanye nokubumba okuqhubekayo kokucindezela kwamaphaneli. Intuthuko yakamuva ku-chemistry yezibopho ivumela izibopho ezikhipha imisinga ephansi nezibopho ezisekelwe emanzini ezilondoloza ukusebenza komshini ngenkathi kuthuthukiswa ikhwalithi yomoya wangaphakathi. Ukukhetha inhlanganisela efanele yesibopho-ifayibha kubalulekile ukuze kufezekiswe ukuthobela imithetho kanye nempilo yesevisi oyifunayo, ikakhulukazi ezintweni zokwakha izindlu, izinto zokwakha, kanye nezindawo zangaphakathi zezimoto lapho imikhawulo ye-VOC namazinga okuqina asebenza khona.

I-fiber yokhuni igqama ngekhabhoni ephansi eyakhelwe kuyo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izinto ezenziweyo, ngoba izihlahla zigcina ikhabhoni ngesikhathi sokukhula. Ukuphathwa kwezihlahla okusimeme, izitifiketi zokulandelela, nokusetshenziswa kwezinsalela zezimboni kunciphisa ingcindezi emahlathini amadala futhi kusekela ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto eziluhlaza ngokuziphendulela. Lapho kusetshenziswa izinto ezihlukile njengokhuni lwe-hemp, imijikelezo yokukhula esheshayo kanye nezidingo eziphansi (amanzi nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane) kwenza i-hemp ibe yindlela ekhangayo, enomthelela omncane ekukhiqizeni i-fiber eningi. Ukuhlanganisa inhlanganisela yama-fiber ezihlahla nama-fiber ezolimo kungahlukanisa imithombo futhi kunciphise izingozi zemvelo.

Izilinganiso zokuhlola impilo ngokuvamile zibonisa ukuthi imikhiqizo yefayibha yokhuni idinga amandla amancane ukuyikhiqiza kunezingxubevange zengilazi noma zefayibha yekhabhoni, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa inqubo yemishini kunokuba inqubo yamachweba. Izinketho zokuphela kwempilo njengokugaywa kabusha kube amabhodi efayibha aphansi noma ukubola okulawulwayo kwengeza ekujikelezeni kwempahla. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kwemvelo kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezifana nebanga lokuhamba, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokunamathelisa, namandla okucubungula. Izinkampani kufanele zicele idatha ye-LCA kubahlinzeki ukuze zilinganise izinzuzo ngokunembayo futhi zithole izindawo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukisa.

Izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa (FSC, PEFC) nokubika okuvulekile kwabaphakeli kuyizinsiza ezibalulekile zamabhizinisi ukukhombisa ukuthengwa kwezinkuni okusimeme. Abaphakeli abanikeza imibhalo yomthombo eqinisekisiwe kanye nezimemezelo zemikhiqizo yemvelo (EPDs) bavumela abathengi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi zezitifiketi zezakhiwo eziluhlaza kanye nemigomo yokusimama kwezinkampani. Ezimbonini ezidinga ukumelana nomlilo noma ukumelana nomswakama, ukukhetha izindlela zamakhemikhali ezinomthelela ophansi nokuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle kukadoti ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kunganciphisa imiphumela emibi yemvelo ngenkathi kugcinwa ukusebenza komkhiqizo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi nokuphathwa kwamakhemikhali kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezicubungulwa ekucubunguleni ipulp nokwelashwa kwe-fiber. Amabhilidi athuthukile asebenzisa izinhlelo zamanzi ezivalekile kanye nokubuyiselwa kwe-solvent kunciphisa ukukhishwa kanye nomthwalo wokukhipha amanzi. Lapho kungenzeka, ukusebenza nabahlinzeki ababeka phambili ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokwenza imfucuza ibe yigugu (isibonelo, ukuguqula amagxolo nemihle ibe amandla-bio) kwandisa izinzuzo zokuzinza kwe-wood fiber. Lezi zinyathelo zisekela kokubili ukuthobela imithetho kanye nemibiko ye-ESG yenkampani, ukuletha ukunciphisa okulinganisekayo ekuthonyweni kwemvelo.

Ukuvuleka kwezinto ezisuselwa emithanjeni yokhuni kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuthi zisetshenziswe embonini yezihlalo, ezokwakha, ezokupakisha, ezemoto, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Ekukhiqizeni izihlalo, amabhodi omthini oqinile wezendlalelo eziningi kanye ne-fiberboard zinikeza izindawo ezihambisanayo zamaphepha okunamathisela kanye ne-laminates, okuvumela ukubekezelelana okunembayo nokuqedwa okuthembekile. Ukusebenzisa i-cedar fiber kwezinye izicelo kungangeza iphunga lemvelo noma izakhiwo ezixosha izinambuzane, kuyilapho i-hemp wood inganikeza isisekelo esiqinile, esingasindi samatafula kanye nekhabhinethi. Lezi zinketho zemithambo zivumela abaklami ukuthi balinganise ubuhle, izindleko, kanye nokusimama.

Ezakhiweni, amaphaneli enziwe ngokhuni oluhlanganisiwe kanye ne-cellulose insulation zinegalelo ezakhiweni ezonga amandla kanye nezixazululo zomsindo. Imikhiqizo efana namabhodi angavuthiwe namaphaneli angamelana nomswakama ingafakwa izithako nezindlela zokwelapha ukuze ihlangabezane namakhodi ezakhiwo ngenkathi igcina ikhabhoni ephansi. Imicu yesihlahla ivame ukusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni i-OSB ne-MDF, lapho ukufana nokuzinza kobukhulu kubalulekile. Kumaphrojekthi ezakhiwo eziluhlaza, ukucacisa imikhiqizo yezimicu zezinkuni eqinisekisiwe kusiza ukufeza amaphuzu ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokukala njenge-LEED ne-BREEAM.

Umkhakha wezimoto usebenzisa kakhulu izinto ezihlanganisiwe zokhuni ne-polymer emihlobiso yangaphakathi nezingxenye ezingezona ezokuphepha, usebenzisa isisindo esilula samafayibha okhuni ukunciphisa isisindo sezimoto nokuthuthukisa ukonga uphethiloli. Abaklami bephakheji nabo bayazuza ekubeni amafayibha okhuni angaboleka futhi angasekelwa kabusha, besebenzisa amathreyi enziwe ngamafayibha okhuni kanye nezingxenye zokuvikela ezithatha indawo ye-polystyrene eyandisiwe. Lezi zicelo zisekelwa yintuthuko ekucubunguleni evumela ukulawula okunembayo ukuma nokuminyana kwefayibha ukuze kutholwe izimfanelo zemishini ezidingekayo.

Imakethethi ezikhethekile ezifana nezikhala zomculo, izisekelo zezolimo, kanye nezinto zokuhlunga zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuphuma kwefayibha ye-wood kanye ne-chemistry yobuso. Ezolimo, ukuhlanganiswa kwefayibha ye-wood kanye nezinketho ze-peat kuthuthukisa ukugcina amanzi nokuhamba komoya ezitshalweni ezikhuliswa ezitsheni. Izicelo zokuhlunga zisebenzisa ubunjalo befayibha ukuvimbela ama-particulate ngenkathi kuvumela ukuhamba kwe-fluid. Ukuqamba okuphuma emikhakheni ehlukene kuvame ukuhlanganisa amagama ahlobene ahlukene — ifayibha ye-hemp, ifayibha ye-cedar, amafayibha ezihlahla — ukuze kuchazwe ukuhamba kwemikhiqizo nokuhloswe ngezidingo zokusebenza ezithile, kukhuphula amathuba emakethe kubahlinzeki nabakhiqizi.

义乌市聚集进出口有限公司 (Yiwu Juji Import & Export Co., Ltd.) ibeka njengomlingani othembekile kumabhizinisi athenga ifayibha ye-wood kanye nemikhiqizo ye-wood eyenziwe. Le nkampani igcizelela uhla lwemikhiqizo oluhlanganisa amabhodi e-wood aqinile amaningi, amabhodi avikela umlilo, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zamaphaneli asekelwe efayibha aklanyelwe ukwenza ngokwezifiso nokukhiqiza okwandayo. Ubambiswano lwabo lokukhiqiza nezinhlelo zokuphatha ikhwalithi zenza kube nokulethwa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezihlangabezana nezincazelo zemboni, kusukela kumabhodi efayibha akhwalithi yokuhlobisa kuya kumaphaneli okwakha aklanyelwe ukumelana nomswakama nokusebenza komlilo.

I-Yiwu Juji inezinzuzo ezihlanganisa usayizi wezicelo ongu- flexible, ukwelashwa kwesurface okwenziwe ngokwezifiso, kanye nekhono lokusebenza namakhasimende kumafomulamu ahlanganisiwe aqukethe ukhuni lwe-hemp noma i-fiber ye-cedar ukuze kutholakale izinzuzo ezithile. Banikeza imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe, ukuvunywa kwezampula, nokwesekwa ngemva kokuthengisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto zihlanganiswa kahle emigqeni yokukhiqiza yamakhasimende. Kubathengi bezokuthenga, amakhasi omkhiqizo enkampani kanye neziteshi zokuxhumana zenze kube lula ukufaka izicelo zamashidi edatha yezobuchwepheshe, izitifiketi, kanye nezilinganiso zesikhathi sokuhola ngaphambi kokufaka ama-oda okukhiqiza.

Kubathengi abafuna ulwazi oluqinisekisiwe lwabaphakeli, i-Yiwu Juji igcina amakhasi abukhoma abhekene nomphakathi ahlaziya amakhono omkhiqizo wabo kanye nefilosofi yokukhiqiza. Abathintekayo bangafunda kabanzi kwiKhasi leNkampani, bahlola okunikezwayo okukhethekile kwiKhasi leMikhiqizo, futhi bafunde izibuyekezo noma amanothi wezobuchwepheshe kwiBhlog. Ukubuza ngqo kanye nezinkulumo zephrojekthi kusekelwa ngeKhasi leThintana Nathi, lapho amaqembu okuthenga kanye nezobunjiniyela angahlela amasampula, ukuvakashela emaphakathini, noma ukuhlolwa kweqembu lesithathu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwezinto kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho yasendaweni.

Ngokubambisana nabahlinzeki abafana ne-义乌市聚集进出口有限公司, amabhizinisi angazuza ezokuthutha ezithuthukisiwe ezivela kumanetwekhi okuthumela athuthukisiwe futhi afinyelele ezinsizeni ezingeziwe ezifana ne-CNC pre-processing kanye nosayizi bezikhwama ezenziwe ngokwezifiso. Lokhu kunciphisa izindleko zokuphatha nokusebenza ngaphakathi ngenkathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izingxenye zifika zilungele ukukhiqizwa. Ukugxila komhlinzeki ekwenzeni ngezifiso nasezinhlelweni ezilungele imvelo kuhambisana nezinhloso zokugcina eziphakeme zamabhizinisi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okufanele kumafemu afuna ukwamukela izixazululo ze-fiber ye-wood ngezinga elikhulu.

Ukukhetha ifiber ye-wood efanele kudinga ukuhlela izidingo zomshini, izimfuneko zemvelo, kanye nezindleko. Qala ngokuchaza izinkomba zokusebenza ezibalulekile ezifana ne-modulus yokuphuka, amandla obond, ukumelana nokwaziswa, kanye nokuhamba kokushisa. Hlanganisa lezi zinto nezinga le-fiber (ifiber ende vs. ifiber emfushane), izinhlobo zomthombo (i-softwood, i-hardwood, i-hemp wood, i-cedar fiber), kanye nezinhlelo zokubopha ukuze kukhiqizwe incazelo engatholakala abahlinzeki. Izincazelo ezicacile zinciphisa ukuphindaphinda ngesikhathi sokwakha futhi zinciphisa isikhathi sokufika emakethe.

Cela amakhasi edatha wezobuchwepheshe namaphaneli wesampula ukuze kuhlolwe lab, kugxilwe ekuzinzilekeni kwezilinganiso ngaphansi kwemijikelezo yokunwetshwa, ukukhishwa kwe-VOC, nokusebenza komlilo lapho kufanelekile. Kwemikhiqizo yokuhlobisa naphakathi, ukufaneleka kokuphothulwa kwesikhumba nokunamathela kumapende noma kumavene kubalulekile; kwezicelo zokwakha noma ezipakishwe, ubukhulu kanye nokumelana nomthelela kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukubambisana ekuthuthukiseni nabahlinzeki abafana no-Yiwu Juji kungasheshisa ukuhlela izinto futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi izakhi zomkhiqizo zihlangabezana nezimfuneko zomthetho nezilindelo zemakethe.

Cabanga ngezindleko eziphelele zokuba nomkhiqizo esikhundleni sokubheka kuphela intengo yodwa: izinto ezifana nokukhiqizwa okuvela ekunqumeni, isivinini sokusebenza, kanye nefrakshini yokwaste kuthinta inzuzo. Hlola amakhono abahlinzeki bezikhumbuzo ezilungiselelwe i-CNC ukuze unciphise isikhathi sokusebenza, futhi uqinisekise izindlela zokupakisha ezivikela amaphaneli ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngaphandle kokusebenzisa kakhulu amaplastiki okusetshenziswa okukodwa. Ukuhlela kwezokuthutha kufanele kufake izikhathi zokuhola, ukutholakala kwezinkuni ngezikhathi, kanye nezinsiza eziphuthumayo ukuze unciphise ukuphazamiseka kokuhlinzeka okungathinta ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza.

Ekugcineni, hlanganisa izilinganiso zokuqhubeka ezindabeni zokuthenga ngokucela izitifiketi zabathengisi, ama-EPD, kanye nolwazi ngokuqukethwe okusebenzisekayo kabusha noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-fiber eyatholwa kabusha. Lezi zindawo zedatha zisiza ukwakha izimangalo ezingavikeleka ezintweni zemvelo zomkhiqizo ukuze kusetshenziswe emakethe kanye nezinjongo zokulawula. Ngokuhlanganisa ukucophelela kwezobuchwepheshe nokuqinisekiswa kokuqhubeka, amabhizinisi angahlanganisa ngokuzethemba izinto ze-wood fiber ezisebenza kahle futhi zihambisane nemigomo yomthwalo webhizinisi.

I-fiber yokhuni inikeza inhlanganisela ebalulekile yokusebenza, ukusimama, nokonga izindleko kumabhizinisi emikhakheni eminingi. Lapho ikhethwa futhi ichazwa ngokucophelela — kucatshangelwa uhlobo lwe-fiber, indlela yokucubungula, nokwakheka kwe-binder — imikhiqizo ye-fiber yokhuni inganciphisa umthelela omubi emvelweni ngenkathi iletha izimfanelo ezithembekile zemishini zezihlalo, ezokwakha, ezemoto, nezokupakisha. Ukufaka izinto ezihlobene njenge-hemp wood ne-cedar fiber kungaqhubeka nokuqondisa ukusebenza nokukhanga emakethe kwezicelo ezikhethekile.

Ukusebenza nabahlinzeki abanolwazi njenge-Yiwu City Juji Import and Export Co., Ltd. kusiza ekwenzeni lula ukuthola izinto, kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe kanye nezitifiketi, futhi kuvumela ukubambisana ezixazululweni ezenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo. Abathengi kufanele babeke phambili ukuxhumana okucacile nabahlinzeki, ukuhlolwa kwamasampula, kanye nedatha yomjikelezo wempilo ukuze kwandiswe izinzuzo zokusimama ze-wood fiber. Ngokwenza lokhu, izinkampani zingenza izinqumo ezinolwazi ezisekela ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukuthobela imithetho, kanye nezinjongo zemvelo zesikhathi eside.

Ngeminye imininingwane mayelana namakhono abahlinzeki kanye nemikhiqizo enikezwayo, vakashela amakhasi ezinkampani: Ikhaya, Imikhiqizo, Mayelana Nathi, Ibhulogi, futhi Xhumana Nathi.