Injini yomoya ophahleni yiyona nto ephambili echaza ukusebenza, ukuthembeka, nokusetshenziswa kwamandla komoya. Ukuqonda injini yomoya ophahleni kusiza abaphathi bezindawo, amaqembu okuthenga, nabakhi bezimikhiqizo ukuthi benze izinqumo ezihlakaniphile lapho bekhetha imimoya yezindawo zokuhlala, zezentengiselwano, noma zezimboni. Injini ekhethwe kahle ithuthukisa ukugeleza komoya, yehlisa izindleko zokusebenza, futhi yandisa impilo yesevisi, kanti ukukhetha okungalungile kwandisa ukugcinwa nokubuyela emuva. Lesi sihloko sichaza umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwemiklamo ye-AC ne-DC, sichaza izingxenye zenjini, futhi sigqamisa izinto ezithinta ikhwalithi yenjini ukuze abafundi bebhizinisi bakwazi ukukhetha kahle imimoya. Kuyo yonke le ndatshana, sibhekisa ezintweni ezisebenzayo njenge-capacitor emoyeni ophahleni nezihloko ezijwayelekile njengokulungisa ukwehluleka kwe-injini yomoya ophahleni ukuze sinikeze isiqondiso esisebenzayo.

Izimoto ze-AC (Alternating Current) bezilokhu zithandwa kakhulu kumabhanana ophahleni ngoba zisebenza ngqo kumandla kagesi anezixhobo ezilula zokulawula. Zivame ukusebenzisa izimiso ze-induction noma ze-shaded-pole futhi zisebenzisa ama-capacitor okuqala/okusebenzayo ukusetha i-phase shift ukuze kujike. Ngokuphambene, izimoto ze-DC (Direct Current) — okubandakanya imoto ye-BLDC ezakhiweni zamabhanana — ziguqula i-AC yamandla kagesi ibe yi-DC ngaphakathi komshayeli ohlangene, okuvumela ukulawula okunembayo kwe-elektroniki kwejubane ne-torque. Izimoto ze-DC zinikezwa amandla yi-power converter noma i-inverter, okuvumela ukusebenza kahle kakhulu nezigaba eziningi kakhulu zejubane uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto ze-AC ezinezixhobo ezihlukene noma izishintshi zemishini. Ezinkampanini, ukushintshana kuyacaca: izimoto ze-AC ngokuvamile zibiza kancane ekuqaleni futhi zilula ukuzilungisa, kanti izimoto ze-DC zihambisa ukonga amandla, ukusebenza okuthule, kanye nezici eziphakeme ze-torque ezithinta ukuhamba komoya nokunethezeka.

Umehluko wokusebenza phakathi kwezimoto ze-AC neze-DC zamakhethini uthinta izindleko zokuba nazo isikhathi eside. Izimoto ze-DC ngokuvamile zithola ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kumazinga ajwayelekile okusebenza, okuholela ezikweletini zikagesi eziphansi kuyo yonke impilo yomshini, okuyinto okubalulekile kakhulu ezindaweni zokuhweba ezisebenza amahora amaningi. Izimoto ze-DC futhi zivumela izici ezisekelwe ku-microcontroller njengezihlanganisi ezikude, izikhathi, nokuhlelwa kwejubane okuxhunywe ekubeni khona kwabantu, kuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi futhi kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo ezihlakaniphile. Izimoto ze-AC zingaba namandla kakhulu ezindaweni zikagesi ezinzima ngoba zigwema izinto zikagesi zangaphakathi ezingaba sengcupheni yokuphazamiseka, kodwa izindlela zokuvikela ukwanda kwamanje zithambisa lezi zingozi. Ukuhlola izimo ezizungezile, umjikelezo womsebenzi, nezidingo zokulawula kuzoholela ekutheni imoto ye-AC noma ye-DC iyona ekhethwa kahle.

Ushukumisi we-DC iyisixhobo se-electromechanical esiguqula amandla kagesi we-direct current abe amandla omshukumo wokujikeleza kusetshenziswa izinkambu zamagetic kanye nabahambisi bakagesi. Ngokombuso wabalandeli besilingi besimanje, ushukumisi we-DC ongenamabhulashi (i-BLDC) uyindlela ekhethwayo: usebenzisa ukushintsha kukagesi kunamabhulashi nomshukumisi wemishini, uthuthukisa ukwethembeka futhi unciphisa ukugcinwa. Ushukumisi ojwayelekile we-BLDC wezicelo zabalandeli uqukethe izinsimbi zamagetic ezihlala njalo ku-rotor kanye ne-stator enezintambo zikagesi ezilawulwa umshayeli oshintsha ugesi ngokulandelana okunembayo. Umshayeli uhumusha imiyalo ye-speed noma ye-torque futhi uguqula ugesi ukuze kufezeke ukusheshisa okubushelelezi, ukubopha okubuyisela amandla kwezinye izinhlobo, nokusebenza okuphezulu kwezinga lokusebenza kuwo wonke amabanga.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zemoto ye-DC zihlanganisa i-stator (isifunda samandla ombane esinganyakazi), i-rotor (ama-magneti ajikelezayo noma ama-electromagneti), izinhlelo zokugoqa (lapho ugesi ukhiqiza khona i-torque), kanye ne-electronics yokulawula esikhundla se-commutator kumamotho anama-brush. Ethimini lemikhiqizo yezentengiselwano, ukuqonda ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinga le-magnet, i-gauge yokugoqa, kanye nama-algorithms omshayeli kubalulekile ukuze kufezekiswe i-torque oyifunayo nokusebenza komsindo. Ngoba izimoto ze-DC zigwema ukungqubuzana nokuguga okuhambisana namabhulashi, zivame ukukhethwa lapho ukugcinwa okuphansi kanye nezikhathi ezide zokusevisa kuyizinto ezibalulekile. Imoto ye-BLDC yezilungiselelo zabalandeli iphinde yenze kube lula izimo ezincane kanye nezilungiselelo eziningi zokusebenza ngesivinini ngaphandle kobunzima bemishini be-AC tap changers.

Uhlalaziwo olunzulu lwenjini evamile yomoya opholisayo uphahla lubonisa izintambo, izintambo ezigoqayo, i-stator, i-rotor, kanye nendlu njengezinto eziyinhloko ezichaza ukusebenza kukagesimende nokuqina komshini. Izintambo nezixhumi zithwala izimpawu zamandla nezilawulayo; ubukhulu bazo nezilinganiso zokuvikela zithonya ukuphepha nokuziphatha kwezinga lokushisa. Izintambo ezigoqayo, ezenziwe ngezinsimbi zethusi noma ze-aluminium ezivikelekile, zakha ama-coil kagesimende akhiqiza amandla lapho kukhanyiswa; izindlela zokugoqa kanye nenani lezikhonkwane lithinta ngqo isivinini esivumelanayo senjini nomugqa wamandla. Izintambo ezigoqayo zekhwalithi ephezulu zisebenzisa ukugcwaliswa nge-varnish namakilasi afanele okuvikela ukumelana nomswakama nokudlidliza okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ezifakwe uphahla.

I-stator ihlinzeka ngesakhiwo sensimbi emile futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa izinsimbi ezinezendlalelo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwe-eddy current. I-rotor, engaba nomklamo we-squirrel-cage kwamanye oomotor be-AC noma i-assembly ye-permanent-magnet kumiklamo ye-DC/BLDC, iyinto ejikelezayo edlulisela i-torque kumacala abalandeli. Indlu kamotor ivikela izingxenye zangaphakathi futhi isebenza njenge-heat sink; izindlu ezihlala njalo zinciphisa ukudluliswa kokudlidliza futhi kuthuthukisa impilo yesevisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ezifana nama-bearing, ama-mounting bracket, kanye ne-capacitor kumlandeli wesilingi (kumiklamo eminingi ye-AC) zidlala izindima ezibalulekile: i-capacitor ihlinzeka ngenguquko ye-phase edingekayo ukuze kuqalwe i-torque nokusebenza okubushelelayo kumazinga aphansi, futhi ukukhethwa kwe-bearing kuthinta izikhathi zokugcwalisa kanye nokugcinwa.

Ubungako nobuhle besigubhu buhlose ukufanisa izidingo zokuhamba komoya nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zezigubhu kumagesi ezindlu nezamabhizinisi zihlanganisa u-153 mm, u-172 mm, u-188 mm, no-212 mm, ngayinye ikhomba izinhlaka ezinkulu kakhulu ze-electromagnetic kanye nokuhamba komoya okunamandla kakhulu. Isigubhu esingu-153 mm sivame ukuhlinzeka ngokuhamba komoya okwanele emakamelweni amancane futhi sisebenza kahle ngentengo, kanti isigubhu esingu-172 mm senzelwe ukuhamba komoya okungcono nokusebenza okuphezulu. Ubungako obungu-188 mm buvamise ukuhlinzeka ngokuhamba komoya okuhle okufanele izindawo ezinkulu, kanti izigubhu ezingama-212 mm zigxila ekuqinisweni ukuze kusetshenziswe ezindaweni ezidinga kakhulu noma ezamabhizinisi ezinezinsimbi ezisindayo nezikhathi ezinde zokusebenza.

Ngaphaya kobukhulu, imindeni yemishini efana nokubizwa nge-K55 noma i-BLDC motor ethize yamapulatifomu ama-fan ikhomba amazinga okwakhiwa nokusebenza. Imishini ye-K55-class ngokomlando ibihlotshaniswa nokusebenza okuphezulu emikhiqizweni eminingi yama-fan, enikeza i-torque eqinile yemidwebo emikhulu. Imishini ye-DC, ikakhulukazi izinhlobonhlobo ze-BLDC, ngokuvamile isebenzisa amandla kancane kunezimishini ze-AC ezifanayo futhi ingasebenza kangcono kunezimishini ezinkulu ze-AC ekuhlinzekweni komoya okulethwa nge-watt ngenxa yokulawula okuphezulu nokulahlekelwa kukagesi okuncane. Lapho ucacisa imikhiqizo yamaphrojekthi, ababambiqhaza kufanele baqhathanise amapharamitha afana ne-torque elinganisiwe, i-torque yokuqala, amagrafu okusebenza kahle, amazinga omsindo (dB), kanye nezilinganiso zesevisi kunokuthembela kuphela osayizi wefreyimu.

Ngokuyisisekelo, isibani sesilingi siguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla omshini ngokusebenzisa ukusebenzisana kukagesi emshinini. Kumishini ye-AC, ugesi oshintshashintshayo ezintanjeni zesitolo ukhiqiza inkambu yamandla kazibuthe ejikelezayo ebangela ukunyakaza ku-rotor; kumishini ye-DC/BLDC, umshayeli ugcwalisa izintambo zesitolo ngokulandelana okuhleliwe okusebenzisana nezibani zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo ku-rotor ukukhiqiza ukujikeleza. Kumishini ye-AC induction, isiqalisi esisesibani sesilingi sakha ukushintsha kwesigaba phakathi kwezikhathi ezintanjeni ezihlukene ukukhiqiza amandla okuqala nokujikeleza okuyisiqondiso. Ngokungafani nalokho, imishini ye-DC ithembele ekushintshweni kukagesi ukuze kulawulwe isigaba nesikhathi ngokunembayo, kuqede isidingo sokushintsha okomshini noma iziqalisi ezinkulu eziklameni eziningi.

Umekanisimu wokuqala kanye nokulawulwa kwejubane kuyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo zemoto. Izimoto ze-AC ngokomlando zisebenzisa izishintshi ezinezivinini eziningi noma ama-capacitor ashintshashintshayo, anomkhawulo enanini lezilungiselelo ezithile zejubane futhi angadala ukugxuma komoya lapho kushintshwa amacebo. Izimoto ze-DC zithola ukuguquguquka kwejubane okuqhubekayo nokubushelelezi nge-pulse-width modulation (PWM) noma amanye amasu okulawula kagesi, okuvumela ukulungiswa komoya okunembayo nokuhlanganiswa nezilawuli ezihlakaniphile. Lapho i-fan iqala, noma i-capacitor ku-fan yase-ceiling (ye-AC) noma umshayeli wemoto (we-DC/BLDC) usebenzisa i-phase edingekayo kanye ne-current ukunqoba ukungqubuzana okumile nomthwalo osuka kumacala; ngemuva kokuqala, izilawuli zilungisa i-current ukugcina ijubane elikhethiwe ngokusebenza kahle okuhle.

Ukunakekelwa njalo nokulungiswa ngokushesha kwezinto zemishini yama-fan esilingini kubalulekile ukuze kuqhubeke isikhathi sokusebenza futhi kugwenywe izinkinga ezingalindelekile ezindaweni zokuhweba. Izindlela ezivamile zokwehluleka zihlanganisa ama-bearing agugile, ama-capacitor awohlokile, izintambo ezixegayo, ama-winding ashile, kanye nokwehluleka kwe-electronic driver kumafan we-DC. Ama-bearing abonisa umsindo noma ukudlidliza kufanele ahlolelwe, futhi uma kudingeka, athathelwe izinto ezilinganiselwe kahle; izindlela zokugcoba ziyahlukahluka ngohlobo lwe-bearing nezincomo zomkhiqizi. I-capacitor ku-fan esilingini yindawo evamile yokwehluleka kumayunithi e-AC; izimpawu zihlanganisa ukuqala kancane, ukububula, noma ukungakwazi ukufinyelela isivinini esigcwele. Ukuhlola nokushintsha ama-capacitor kuyisinyathelo sokulungisa esivamile nesisebenza kahle ngokomnotho.

Ukuvuselela izinto zikagesi zemotor yesilingi, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ze-BLDC noma ze-DC, kudinga ukunakwa kwezokuphepha nokutholwa kwezingxenye. Amamojuli okushayela, izinzwa, namabhodi okulawula angasebenza ngenxa yokwanda kukagesi noma ukucindezeleka okushisayo; ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa kokushaqeka nokulandela izindlela zokufaka ezinconywe umkhiqizi kunciphisa lezi zingozi. Ezinkampanini eziphethe izimoto eziningi, ukusungula izinqubo zokugcinwa, ukugcina izingxenye ezivamile ezifana nama-capacitor nama-bearing, nokubambisana nabakhiqizi njenge-佛山市科凌电器有限公司 ukuze uthole usizo lobuchwepheshe kunganciphisa imijikelezo yokulungisa futhi kunciphise isikhathi sokungasebenzi. Ukuqeqesha abasebenzi bokugcinwa ngezindlela zokuhlola eziphephile (ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi, ukusetshenziswa kahle kwama-multimeter) kubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuze kuvinjwe ukulimala okungazelelwe noma ukulimala.

Ukukhetha imoto ekahle kakhulu yomoya ophahleni kuhlanganisa ukulinganisa izindleko zokuqala, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukusebenza komsindo, nokwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. Ezindaweni zokuhweba ezidinga umsebenzi omkhulu noma izindawo ezinezikhathi ezinde zokusebenza, izimoto ze-DC noma izimoto ze-BLDC zezixazululo zabalandeli ngokuvamile zinikeza ezomnotho ezinhle kakhulu zokujikeleza impilo ngenxa yokusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokugcinwa okuphansi. Ezindaweni ezinemibandela eqinile yokuhlinzekwa kukagesi noma lapho ubuchwepheshe obulula nokulungiseka ensimini kuyizinto ezibalulekile, izimoto ze-AC eziqinile ezinemiklamo yama-capacitor eyaziwayo ezindaweni ezipahleni zingase zikhethwe. Cabanga ngobubanzi bezindwani, ukuphakama kokukhweza, kanye nemigomo yokugeleza komoya (CFM) kanye ne-torque yemoto kanye nezinga lokujikeleza; izimoto ezinkulu kakhulu zichitha amandla ngenkathi izimoto ezincane kakhulu zilwa ukuletha amazinga adingekayo okunethezeka.

Ukuthengwa kufanele futhi kucatshangelwe ukwesekwa komkhiqizi, imigomo yewaranti, kanye nokutholakala kwezingxenye ezishintshwayo. 佛山市科凌电器有限公司 (Foshan Keling Electric Co., Ltd.) ikhiqiza uhla lwama-fan ophahleni ezimbonini nezentengiselwano ezihlanganisa izipesheli ze-AC neze-DC, ihlinzeka ngezixazululo eziqondene nezinhlelo ezahlukene. Amakhathalogi emikhiqizo yabo kanye namaqembu ezobuchwepheshe angasiza ekukhetheni osayizi bemoto abafanelekayo njengamakilasi angu-172 mm, 188 mm, noma 212 mm kanye nokucacisa izinketho ezifana nama-motor wekilasi le-K55 noma izinhlobonhlobo ze-BLDC. Ukusebenza nomphakeli onolwazi kwenza ukuhlanganiswa kube lula futhi kuqinisekise ukuthobela izindinganiso zesifunda zokuphepha nokusebenza.

Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwezimoto ze-AC neze-DC zamabhanana esilingeni, indima yezingxenye ezifana ne-capacitor ebhananeni esilingeni, kanye nemiphumela yokulinganisa imoto kucacisa ukwenza izinqumo zamabhizinisi achaza ama-fan. Izimoto ze-DC/BLDC zinikeza ukonga amandla okulinganisekayo, ukulawula isivinini okungcono, nokusebenza okuthulile, kanti izimoto ze-AC zinikeza isixazululo esisebenza kahle, esingalungiswa ensimini ezimeni eziningi. Ukunaka kahle ikhwalithi yokugoqa, ukuqina kwezindlu, nemikhuba yokugcinwa kwezinto kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza nokuthuthukisa isikhathi sokusebenza. Izinhlangano ezihlanganisa ukuthenga okuhlakaniphile, ukugcinwa kwezinto okuvimbela izinkinga, nokubambisana nabakhiqizi abahlonishwayo njenge-佛山市科凌电器有限公司 zizofinyelela induduzo ephezulu, ukusebenza kahle, nokubuyiselwa kwezimali ekusebenziseni kwazo ama-fan esilingeni.

Ukuze uthole izincwajana zemikhiqizo kanye nemininingwane eningiliziwe, vakashela ikhasi lemikhiqizo ukuze ubuyekeze imindeni yemishini, izinketho zamacala, namashidi edatha yezobuchwepheshe. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi nge-Foshan Keling Electric Co., Ltd. namakhono abo okukhiqiza, umlando wenkampani, nokuzibophezela kwekhwalithi, bona ikhasi elithi Mayelana Nathi lapho ungathola khona nolwazi lokuxhumana lwemibuzo yezobuchwepheshe. Uma ufuna ukuhlola izifundo zezicelo kanye nezindaba zenkampani, i-Blog iqukethe izihloko nezibuyekezo ezihlobene nokuthunyelwa nokugcinwa kwemishini yasefeni yasezimboni. Ukuze uthole usizo oluqondile noma ukuze ucele izixazululo ezenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo nokusekelwa ngemuva kokuthengisa, sebenzisa ikhasi elithi Xhumana Nathi ukuze uxhumane ne-佛山市科凌电器有限公司 futhi uhlele ukubonisana kwezobuchwepheshe noma ukuthengwa kwezingxenye ezisele.

Izingqikithi ezihlanganiswa lapha zihlose ukunikeza abenzi bezinqumo isisekelo sobuchwepheshe esidingekayo ukuze baqhathanise izinketho ze-AC vs DC motor, bahlole umthelela wobukhulu be-motor njengoba kungu-153 mm kuya ku-212 mm, futhi basebenzise izinhlelo zokugcinwa ezisebenzayo ezihlanganisa ukulungisa izinkinga ze-ceiling fan motor nokuphatha ukushintshwa kwama-capacitor. Ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, ukwethembeka, kanye nenduduzo yabahlali kuwo wonke amaphrojekthi nezindawo.