Product Overview This product is a stainless steel double-end stud bolt (also known as a double-end threaded stud, stud bolt, or threaded rod), manufactured from SS304 (AISI 304) austenitic stainless steel in Property Class A2-70 per ISO 3506-1. The stud features equal-length threads at both ends and a plain shank in the middle, conforming to GB/T 901-1988 (Double-End Studs — Clamping Type). The flagship size is M16 × 2.0, with additional sizes available from M2 to M56. The double-end stud design allows the screw-in end to be permanently installed into a tapped hole while the exposed end receives a nut for clamping. This provides a permanent, wear-resistant threaded connection that can be repeatedly assembled and disassembled without damaging the parent material's threads — ideal for flanged joints, valve bonnets, and equipment that requires periodic maintenance. Material & Grade Parameter Details Material SS304 (AISI 304 / 06Cr19Ni10) austenitic stainless steel Grade A2-70 per ISO 3506-1 / GB/T 3098.6 Chemical Composition C ≤ 0.08%, Mn ≤ 2.0%, Si ≤ 0.75%, Cr 18.0–20.0%, Ni 8.0–10.5%, S ≤ 0.03%, P ≤ 0.045% Tensile Strength (σb) ≥ 700 MPa (A2-70); 500–720 MPa range for SS304 Yield Strength (σ0.2) ≥ 450 MPa Elongation (δ5) ≥ 40% Hardness ≤ 187 HRB / ≤ 90 HRV / ≤ 200 HB SS304 is a general-purpose austenitic stainless steel offering excellent corrosion resistance, good cold-working properties, and reliable performance across a wide temperature range. It is the most widely specified stainless steel grade for fasteners in industrial, construction, and equipment applications. The A2-70 designation indicates cold-worked austenitic stainless steel with a minimum tensile strength of 700 MPa, making it suitable for moderate-load structural and mechanical connections. Standards & Specifications Parameter Details Product Type Double-End Stud Bolt / Equal-Length Double-End Stud Standard GB/T 901-1988 (Double-End Studs — Clamping Type) Thread Size M16 × 2.0 (standard); M2–M56 available Thread Type Metric coarse / Metric fine Thread Direction Right-hand (left-hand available on request) Thread Tolerance 6g Length Range 30 mm – 300 mm (customizable) Surface Finish Plain / Passivated (natural stainless) Product Grade A (GB/T 901-1988) GB/T 901-1988 specifies equal-length double-end studs with thread diameters from M2 to M56. In this standard, the thread length at each end is equal, and the central plain shank length is determined by the nominal length. For lengths L ≤ 2b, a short unthreaded portion of not more than 4P (four thread pitches) may be produced. The standard is technically equivalent to DIN 938 (thick shank, b₁ = 1d) for the screw-in end configuration. Key Dimensions (Reference — M16) Parameter Dimension Thread (d) M16 Thread Pitch (P) 2.0 mm (coarse) Thread Length (b, each end) 38 mm (for L ≤ 125 mm); 49 mm (for 125 < L ≤ 200 mm); 53 mm (for L > 200 mm) Screw-in End Thread Length (bm) 16 mm (1 × d) Shank Diameter (ds) Max. 16 mm / Min. 15.73 mm Available Lengths 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200 mm All dimensions are in accordance with GB/T 901-1988 / DIN 938 standards. Mechanical Properties (Reference — SS304 / A2-70) Property Value Tensile Strength ≥ 700 MPa Yield Strength (0.2% offset) ≥ 450 MPa Elongation ≥ 40% Hardness ≤ 187 HRB Service Temperature Range −196°C to +800°C Salt Spray Resistance ≥ 500 hours SS304 double-end studs maintain their mechanical properties across a wide temperature range from cryogenic (−196°C) to elevated (+800°C) temperatures, making them suitable for both low-temperature LNG applications and high-temperature process equipment. Applications Stainless steel double-end stud bolts are widely used across industries: Petrochemical & Chemical Processing — Flanged pipe connections, valve bonnets, heat exchangers, pressure vessels, reactor covers Oil & Gas — Wellhead equipment, pipeline flanges, pump and compressor mounting Power Generation — Turbine casings, generator connections, steam piping Desalination & Marine — Seawater piping flanges, offshore platform connections Food & Pharmaceutical — Sanitary piping systems, hygienic equipment assembly Construction & Infrastructure — Anchor bolting, structural connections, facade fastening Solar & Renewable Energy — Mounting systems, battery module assembly Automotive & Transportation — Engine mounts, exhaust system connections, chassis components The double-end stud design is particularly advantageous for flanged joints where the stud can be screwed into the flange, a gasket positioned, and the companion flange secured with a nut — allowing the joint to be opened without disturbing the stud's engagement in the parent flange. Surface Finish & Corrosion Protection Finish Appearance Corrosion Resistance Recommended Environment Plain (Natural Stainless) Silver-gray, matte Excellent — natural passive layer General industrial, indoor/outdoor Passivated Silver-gray, cleaner surface Enhanced — removes surface contamination Coastal, chemical, hygienic applications Polished Bright, reflective Excellent Decorative, architectural, food equipment SS304 provides excellent corrosion resistance in most atmospheric, freshwater, and mild chemical environments. The natural passive chromium oxide layer forms spontaneously on the surface and is self-repairing if damaged. Passivation (per ASTM A967 / GSO ISO 16048) is recommended to maximize corrosion resistance by removing surface contaminants and free iron. Limitation: SS304 is not recommended for chloride-rich environments such as seawater immersion, salt spray, or coastal exposure within 10–20 km of the coast, where SS316 (A4) should be specified instead. Quality Assurance All products are manufactured under strict quality control procedures in accordance with GB/T 901-1988, ISO 3506-1, and GB/T 3098.6 standards. Material test certificates (EN 10204 3.1), dimensional inspection reports, and third-party inspection reports can be provided upon request. The product has achieved a 100% positive review rate with a 5.0/5.0 rating and 200+ verified reviews on the platform, reflecting consistent quality and customer satisfaction. Packaging & Customization Export Packing: Wooden box / crate / steel pallet Domestic Packing: Corrugated carton / plastic bag / bundle OEM/ODM: Available — custom sizes, thread types, materials (SS316, SS316L, SS201), and surface finishes can be produced according to drawings or samples MOQ: Negotiable Ordering Information To place an order or request a quotation, please specify: Product type — Equal-length double-end stud (GB/T 901) Material grade — SS304 (standard) / SS316 / SS316L / SS201 Thread size and pitch — e.g., M16 × 2.0 (metric coarse) or M16 × 1.5 (metric fine) Length — Specify nominal length L (e.g., 90 mm, 110 mm, 150 mm) Thread length — Standard per GB/T 901, or custom Surface finish — Plain / Passivated / Polished Quantity — With any tolerance for over/under shipment Certification — EN 10204 3.1 MTC / ISO 3506-1 compliance / GOST-K (for Kazakhstan) / SASO (for Saudi Arabia) Special requirements — Marking, packaging, nut and washer pairing, etc.