Uhlolojikelele Lomkhiqizo Lo mkhiqizo iyibhawodi yekhanda le-hex enamandla aphezulu, ende kakhulu, esindayo eyenziwe nge-alloy steel yekhwalithi ephezulu (35CrMo, 40Cr, 42CrMo) noma i-medium carbon steel (45#, 10B21), etholakala ngeGrade 8.8, 10.9, kanye no-12.9 ngokwe-ISO 898-1. Idizayinelwe izinhlelo zokwakha eziqinile, ezimbonini, kanye nasezindaweni ezicindezelayo, lawa mabhawodi anekhanda elikhulu le-hexagon, ubude obunwetshiwe, kanye namandla okudonsa aphezulu — okuwenza afanele izakhiwo zensimbi, amabhuloho, amapayipi acindezelayo, imishini esindayo, kanye nezinto ezifakwa olwandle lapho amabhawodi ajwayelekile anganele khona. Umugqa womkhiqizo uhlanganisa ukuhlelwa okunemisonto egcwele (DIN 933 / ISO 4017) kanye nokunemisonto engaphelele (DIN 931 / ISO 4014), nosayizi bemisonto kusukela ku-M6 kuye ku-M100 (kanye nokulingana kwe-imperial), nobude kusukela ku-20 mm kuye ku-1,500 mm noma ngaphezulu. Osayizi abenziwe ngokwezifiso kanye nobukhulu obungajwayelekile bayatholakala uma kuceliwe. Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo & Idizayini Isici Incazelo Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo Ibhawodi Yekhanda Le-Hex Enamandla Aphezulu / Ibhawodi Le-Hex Esindayo / Ibhawodi Le-Hex Ende Kakhulu Uhlobo Lwekhanda Ikhanda le-hexagon elijwayelekile (usayizi wekhanda omkhulu kukho ukuhlelwa kwe-heavy hex) Ukuhlelwa Kwemisonto Umsonto ogcwele (DIN 933 / ISO 4017) noma umsonto ongaphelele (DIN 931 / ISO 4014) Inkomba Yomsonto Kwesokudla (kwesobunxele kuyatholakala uma kuceliwe) Ukubekezelelana Komsonto 6g (metric) / Ikilasi 2A (imperial) Ikhanda elikhulu le-hexagon linikeza indawo enkulu yokuthwala futhi livumela ukudluliswa kwe-torque ephezulu, kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwekhanda ngesikhathi sokuqinisa. I-shank ende kakhulu yenza ibhawodi likwazi ukudlula kuma-flange awugqinsi, izakhiwo ezijulile, noma izingxenye eziningi ekuxhumekeni okukodwa. Kuma-heavy hex bolts, ubukhulu bekhanda bukhulu ngamabomu uma kuqhathaniswa namabhawodi e-hex ajwayelekile ukuze kusatshalaliswe imithwalo yokubopha endaweni ebanzi futhi kuvinjelwe ukuqina noma ukuchotshozwa kwezinto ezithambile ze-flange ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima zokulayisha ngaphambili. Izinto Zokwakha & Amazinga Amandla Igrade Izinto Amandla Okudonsa (okuncane) Amandla Okukhiqiza (okuncane) Ubulukhuni Izinhlelo Ezijwayelekile 8.8 I-medium carbon steel (45#, 10B21) ≥800 MPa ≥640 MPa 250–320 HB Izakhiwo zensimbi, amabhuloho, imishini ejwayelekile 10.9 I-alloy steel (35CrMo, 40Cr, SCM435) ≥1,040 MPa ≥940 MPa 320–380 HV Imishini esindayo, izitsha zokucindezela, olwandle 12.9 I-alloy steel (42CrMo, SCM435) ≥1,220 MPa ≥1,100 MPa 385–435 HV Izakhiwo ezibalulekile ezinamandla aphezulu, ukuxhumana kwamabhuloho Amabhawodi eGrade 8.8 afinyelela amandla okudonsa okuncane angu-800 MPa namandla okukhiqiza angu-640 MPa, kanti u-"8" umele cishe u-1/100 wamandla okudonsa okuncane nge-MPa kanti u-".8" ukhombisa isilinganiso sokukhiqiza-kuya-okudonsa esingu-0.8. Amabhawodi eGrade 10.9 anikeza amandla okudonsa okuncane angu-1,040 MPa namandla okukhiqiza okuncane angu-940 MPa, kanti amabhawodi eGrade 12.9 afinyelela amandla okudonsa okuncane angu-1,220 MPa namandla okukhiqiza okuncane angu-1,100 MPa. Ukwakheka kwezinto: Igrade 8.8 — I-medium carbon steel (45#, 10B21) ene-quenching kanye ne-tempering Igrade 10.9 — I-alloy steel (35CrMo, 40Cr, SCM435) enokwelashwa okulawulwayo kokushisa Igrade 12.9 — I-alloy steel (42CrMo, SCM435) enokwelashwa okunembile kokushisa ukuze kutholakale amandla aphezulu kanye nokuqina Amazinga & Izincazelo Ipharamitha Imininingwane Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo Ibhawodi Yekhanda Le-Hex Enamandla Aphezulu / Ibhawodi Le-Hex Esindayo / Ibhawodi Ende Kakhulu Amazinga DIN 931 / DIN 933 / DIN 6914 / ISO 4014 / ISO 4017 / ASTM A325 / ASTM A490 / GB/T 5782 / GB/T 5783 Osayizi Bemisonto M6, M8, M10, M12, M16, M20, M24, M30, M36, M42, M48, M56, M64, M72, M80, M90, M100 Ububanzi Bobude 20 mm – 1,500 mm (ubude obenziwe ngokwezifiso buyatholakala) Izinhlobo Zemisonto I-Metric coarse / Metric fine / UNC / UNF / BSW Ukuqedwa Kwendawo I-Black oxide / Zinc plated / Hot-dip galvanized / Dacromet / Plain Igrade Yomkhiqizo A / B (ngokwe-DIN / ISO) I-DIN 931 icacisa amabhawodi e-hexagon anemisonto engaphelele ane-shank elula, kanti i-DIN 933 icacisa amabhawodi e-hexagon anemisonto egcwele. Womabili amazinga ahlanganisa imisonto ye-metric coarse kusukela ku-M6 kuye ku-M36 kuma-product grades A no-B. I-DIN 6914 ihlanganisa ukubopha kwezakhiwo ezinamandla aphezulu ngekhanda elikhulu le-hexagon lokuxhuma okulayishwe ngaphambili, okusetshenziswa kakhulu ezakhiweni zensimbi. I-ASTM A325 ne-ASTM A490 yizindinganiso eziyinhloko zase-US zamabhawodi e-heavy hex structural, kanti amabhawodi e-A490 ahambisana ne-ISO 12.9 cishe ku-1,220 MPa amandla okudonsa. Amabhawodi e-heavy hex kulezi zindinganiso acaciswa ngokujwayelekile kuma-flange amapayipi okucindezela aphezulu kanye nezitsha ze-petrochemical. Ubukhulu Obubalulekile (Inkomba) Usayizi Womsonto (d) I-Pitch (P) mm Ububanzi Kuma-Flats (s) mm Ubude Bekhanda (k) mm Ubude Obukhulu (mm) M6 1.0 10.0 4.0 300 M8 1.25 13.0 5.3 400 M10 1.5 17.0 6.4 500 M12 1.75 19.0 7.5 600 M16 2.0 24.0 10.0 800 M20 2.5 30.0 12.5 1,000 M24 3.0 36.0 15.0 1,200 M30 3.5 46.0 18.7 1,500 M36 4.0 55.0 22.5 1,500 Zonke izilinganiso zihambisana namazinga e-DIN 931 / DIN 933 kanye ne-ISO 4014 / ISO 4017. Izici Zemishini (Inkomba) Usayizi Igrade Amandla Okudonsa (MPa) Amandla Okukhiqiza (MPa) Ubulukhuni M16 8.8 800 640 250–320 HB M16 10.9 1,040 940 320–380 HV M20 10.9 1,040 940 320–380 HV M24 10.9 1,040 940 320–380 HV M24 12.9 1,220 1,100 385–435 HV M30 12.9 1,220 1,100 385–435 HV M36 12.9 1,220 1,100 385–435 HV Amabhawodi eGrade 10.9 abonisa isilinganiso sokukhiqiza-kuya-okudonsa esicishe sibe ngu-0.90, kanti amabhawodi eGrade 12.9 afinyelela cishe u-0.90 ngamanani amandla aphezulu kakhulu. Isilinganiso samandla okukhiqiza e-12.9 steel sicishe sibe phezulu nge-17% kune-10.9 steel, kanti amandla okugcina akhula cishe nge-16%. Izinketho Zokuqedwa Kwendawo Ukuqedwa Ubukhulu Bokumboza Ukumelana Ne-Salt Spray Indawo Enconyiwe I-Black Oxide 1–2 μm 24–48 amahora Ngaphakathi, imishini, amathuluzi I-Zinc Plated 8–12 μm 72–144 amahora Ngaphakathi, imboni ejwayelekile I-Hot-Dip Galvanized (HDG) 45–85 μm 500–1,500+ amahora Ngaphandle, ogwini, olwandle, izakhiwo ezisindayo I-Dacromet 5–12 μm 600–1,500+ amahora Ogwini, olwandle, ukugqwala okuphezulu I-Plain — 24–48 amahora Okwesikhashana, ngaphakathi Ezinhlelweni zezakhiwo ezisindayo, i-hot-dip galvanizing ngokwe-ASTM A153 noma i-ISO 1461 iyindlela yokuqedwa ekhethwayo, enikeza ukumboza kwe-zinc okujiyile, okuhlanganiswe ne-metallurgically okunikeza kokubili ukuvikelwa kwe-barrier kanye ne-sacrificial. Amabhawodi e-HDG hex eGrade 8.8 asetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakweni kwelanga kanye nezakhiwo zensimbi ngobukhulu bokumboza obungu-60–85 μm ukuze kutholakale impilo yesevisi ende. Kumabhawodi eGrade 10.9 no-12.9, i-Dacromet (zinc-flake) coating inconywa ngaphezu kwe-electroplating, njengoba isusa ingozi ye-hydrogen embrittlement ngenkathi inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu. Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Amabhawodi e-high-strength extra-long hex head asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini: Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Zensimbi & Amabhuloho — Ukuxhumana kwe-beam-to-column, i-bracing, ukubopha isisekelo sekholomu, ukubopha i-bridge girder Amapayipi Okucindezela & Ukuxhumana Kwama-Flange — Amabhawodi anobude obunwetshiwe abalulekile kuma-"8" figure blind flanges, ama-wafer valve flanges, ama-flange angajwayelekile, kanye nama-flange okubopha ama-multi-nut emisebenzini yasekhaya yamafildi kawoyela aphesheya Izinto Zikaphethiloli Negesi — Imishini ye-wellhead, ama-flange amapayipi, izitsha zokucindezela, izinkundla zasolwandle Imishini Esindayo & Izinto Zokusebenza — Ama-press, ama-crane, ama-excavator, imishini yezimayini, izingxenye ze-wind turbine Ukukhiqizwa Kukagesi — Ukufakwa kwe-turbine, ukubopha i-generator, ukuxhumana kwe-transmission tower I-Petrochemical & Ukucutshungulwa Kwamakhemikhali — Izitsha ze-reactor, ama-heat exchanger, amapayipi okushisa aphezulu Olwandle & Olwandle — Izakhiwo zezinkundla, ama-hardware edokodo, imishini engaphansi kolwandle Ubude bebhawodi yinto ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuxhumana kwama-flange amapayipi okucindezela okungenayo ukuvuza. Amabhawodi anobude obunwetshiwe adingeka ngokukhethekile ezinhlelweni lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwe-flange kuhlanganisa ama-insulating sleeves, ama-nuts amaningi, noma ubukhulu be-flange obungajwayelekile. Ukupakisha & Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Ukupakisha Kokuthumela Ngaphandle: Ibhokisi lokhuni / ikhreyithi / i-steel pallet Ukupakisha Kwasekhaya: I-corrugated carton / inqwaba ene-strapping I-OEM/ODM: Iyatholakala — osayizi abenziwe ngokwezifiso, izinhlobo zemisonto, izinto, amazinga amandla, kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo kungakhiqizwa ngokwemidwebo noma amasampula Ukusika Ubude: Amabhawodi angahlinzekwa ngobude obujwayelekile noma asikwe ngobukhulu obuthile I-MOQ: Kuyaxoxisana Isiqinisekiso Sekhwalithi Yonke imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile ngokuhambisana ne-ISO 898-1 (izici zemishini zama-fasteners), i-DIN, i-ISO, i-ASTM, kanye namazinga e-GB. Izitifiketi zokuhlolwa kwezinto (EN 10204 3.1), imibiko yokuhlolwa kobukhulu, imibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-hardness, kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa yabantu besithathu (SGS, BV, CTI) kungahlinzekwa uma kuceliwe. Kumabhawodi eGrade 10.9 no-12.9, ukuhlolwa kokudonsa, ukuhlolwa kwe-hardness, kanye nokuhlolwa komthelela kwenziwa kuqoqo ngalinye lokukhiqiza. Kumabhawodi e-hot-dip galvanized, ukuqinisekiswa kobukhulu bokumboza kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-ASTM A153 noma i-ISO 1461. Imininingwane Yokuhlela Ukuze ufake i-oda noma ucele isilinganiso, sicela ucacise: Uhlobo lomkhiqizo — Ibhawodi lekhanda le-hex / Ibhawodi le-heavy hex / Ibhawodi ende kakhulu Izinga — DIN 931 / DIN 933 / DIN 6914 / ISO 4014 / ISO 4017 / ASTM A325 / A490 Izinto — I-carbon steel (45#, 10B21) / I-alloy steel (35CrMo, 40Cr, 42CrMo, SCM435) Igrade lamandla — 8.8 / 10.9 / 12.9 Usayizi womsonto kanye ne-pitch — isb., M20 × 2.5 noma M30 × 3.5 Ubude — Cacisa ubude obuphelele kanye nobude bomsonto uma kusebenza Ukuqedwa kwendawo — I-Black oxide / Zinc plated / HDG / Dacromet / Plain Inani — Ngokubekezelelana kokuthunyelwa okungaphezulu/okungaphansi Isitifiketi — EN 10204 3.1 MTC / SASO (yeSaudi Arabia) / GOST-K (yeKazakhstan) Izidingo ezikhethekile — Ukubekezelelana komsonto, ukumaka, ukupakisha, njll.