Uhlolojikelele Lomkhiqizo Lo mkhiqizo uyi-bolt eyinhlanganiswa yezingxenye ezintathu esetshenziswa njengengxenye eyodwa — eyaziwa nangokuthi i-SEMS screw, i-washer-assembled bolt, noma i-combination screw — ehlanganisa i-bolt enekhanda le-hex noma i-socket head, i-spring washer (i-split lock washer), kanye ne-flat washer (i-plain washer) ezihlanganiswa ndawonye efektri zibe yiyunithi eyodwa ebambekayo. Ama-washer abanjwa ku-bolt shank nge-major diameter ye-thread, enkulu kune-washer hole, okuvumela ukuthi ajikeleze ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokuhlukana. Lo mklamo ususa isidingo sokuphatha ama-washer ahlukene ngesikhathi sokufaka, kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganisa futhi kunciphise ingozi yama-washer alahlekile noma awile endaweni. Umkhiqizo utholakala nge-Property Class 4.8 kanye ne-8.8 ngokwe-ISO 898-1, kanti i-M3 kuya ku-M12 iyisilinganiso esijwayelekile (i-M14–M36 iyatholakala ngokucela). Kokubili i-external hex head kanye ne-internal hex socket head configurations kuyanikezwa, kanti i-zinc plating iyisiphetho esijwayelekile se-surface. I-bolt ingakhiqizwa ngokwe-GB/T 9074.13 (i-external hex), i-GB/T 9074.4 / 9074.8 (i-cross recessed pan head), kanye ne-DIN 912 / ISO 4762 + washer assembly specifications. Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo & Umklamo Isici Incazelo Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo I-Three-Piece Combination Bolt / I-SEMS Screw / I-Washer-Assembled Bolt Uhlobo Lwekhanda I-External Hex / I-Internal Hex Socket / I-Cross Recessed Pan Head Ukuhlelwa Kwama-Washer I-spring washer eyodwa (i-lock washer) + i-flat washer eyodwa, kuhlanganiswe efektri Ukubanjwa Kwama-Washer Kubambekile ku-shank nge-thread major diameter — ama-washer ajikeleza ngokukhululeka kodwa awahlukani Ukuhlelwa Kwe-Thread I-full thread noma i-partial thread Inkomba Ye-Thread I-Right-hand (i-left-hand iyatholakala ngokucela) I-Thread Tolerance I-6g (metric) Umklamo we-captive washer uyisici esichazayo salo mkhiqizo. Ngokungafani nama-washer assemblies akhululekile lapho ama-washer angalahleka ngesikhathi sokuthutha noma ukuphatha, umklamo we-SEMS uqinisekisa ukuthi i-spring washer ne-flat washer zihlala zixhunywe unomphela ku-bolt. Lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana zokusebenza: ukuhlanganisa okusheshayo (akukho ukuphatha ama-washer ahlukene), inani lezingxenye elincishisiwe (i-SKU eyodwa esikhundleni sezintathu), ukuqedwa kwezinkinga zama-washer alahlekile emigqeni yokuhlanganisa ezenzakalelayo neyandla, kanye ne-preload engaguquki ngoba inhlanganisela efanele yama-washer ihlala ikhona. I-spring washer inikeza isenzo sokukhiya ukuvimbela ukukhululeka ngaphansi kokudlidliza, kanti i-flat washer isabalalisa umthwalo wokubopha endaweni enkulu yokuthwala futhi ivikele indawo ehlangana nayo emonakalweni. Ndawonye, zakha isisombululo esiphelele sokubopha ngeyunithi eyodwa. Izinto Zokwenza & Amazinga Amandla Igreydi Impahla Amandla Okudonsa (okuncane) Amandla Okukhiqiza (okuncane) Ubulukhuni Izicelo Ezijwayelekile 4.8 Insimbi ye-carbon ephansi (Q235) ≥400 MPa ≥320 MPa ≤ 255 HV Ukuhlanganisa okujwayelekile, i-sheet metal, isakhiwo esilula 8.8 Insimbi ye-carbon ephakathi (10B21, 45#) ≥800 MPa ≥640 MPa 250–320 HV Imishini, ukuhlanganisa imishini, ukuxhumana kwesakhiwo Ama-combination bolts e-Grade 4.8 akhiqizwa nge-carbon steel ephansi (Q235) futhi ayigreyidi ejwayelekile yezicelo zokuhlanganisa okujwayelekile. Ubulukhuni obukhulu obuvunyelwe be-4.8 grade yi-255 HV. Ama-combination bolts e-Grade 8.8 ngokuvamile akhiqizwa nge-10B21 boron steel ngokusebenzisa i-cold heading, kulandele i-quenching ne-tempering ukuze kuzuzwe izakhiwo zomshini ezidingekayo. Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa yama-combination bolts e-8.8 grade ihlanganisa isinyathelo se-de-hydrogenation (i-baking) ukuvimbela i-hydrogen embrittlement ye-spring washer, okuyiphuzu elibalulekile lokulawula ikhwalithi. I-Grade 8.8 inikeza cishe u-100% wamandla okudonsa aphezulu kune-Grade 4.8. Ngezinketho ze-stainless steel, i-SS304 (A2-70) ne-SS316 (A4-70) ziyatholakala ngokuhlelwa okulinganayo. Amazinga & Izincazelo Ipharamitha Imininingwane Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo I-Combination Bolt / I-SEMS Screw / I-Washer-Assembled Bolt Amazinga I-GB/T 9074.13 (i-external hex combination bolt) / I-GB/T 9074.4 / 9074.8 (i-cross recessed pan head) / I-DIN 912 + washer assembly / I-ASME B18.13.1M (i-SEMS metric) Usayizi We-Thread I-M3, M4, M5, M6, M8, M10, M12 (i-M14–M36 ngokucela) I-Thread Pitch I-M3×0.5, M4×0.7, M5×0.8, M6×1.0, M8×1.25, M10×1.5, M12×1.75 Ububanzi Bobude 5 mm – 200 mm (kungenziwa ngokwezifiso) I-Thread Tolerance I-6g (metric) Ukuqedwa Kwe-Surface I-Zinc Plated (I-Blue-White / I-Clear / I-Yellow) / I-Plain / I-HDG (ngokucela) Igreydi Lomkhiqizo A I-GB/T 9074.13-1988 icacisa ama-external hexagon head bolts anama-spring washer kanye nama-flat washer assemblies, anobukhulu be-thread kusuka ku-M3 kuya ku-M12 kanye nobude kusuka ku-5 mm kuya ku-90 mm. Leli standard lilingana ngobuchwepheshe ne-DIN 6921 (ama-hexagon flange bolts anama-washer) ngokomqondo we-washer assembly. I-ASME B18.13.1M-2011 ihlanganisa ama-metric SEMS (screw and washer assemblies) ama-through-hardened machine screws ku-Property Classes 8.8, 9.8, kanye ne-10.9 kanye nama-case-hardened tapping screws kusuka ku-5 mm kuya ku-12 mm nominal diameter. Leli standard linikeza izidingo zobukhulu kanye nezomshini zama-captive washer assemblies. Izilinganiso Ezibalulekile (Isithenjwa — I-External Hex, GB/T 9074.13) Usayizi We-Thread (d) I-Pitch (P) mm Ububanzi Ku-Across Flats (s) mm Ubude Bekhanda (k) mm I-Flat Washer OD (mm) Ukujiya Kwe-Flat Washer (mm) M3 0.5 5.5 2.0 7 0.5 M4 0.7 7.0 2.8 9 0.8 M5 0.8 8.0 3.5 10 1.0 M6 1.0 10.0 4.0 12 1.6 M8 1.25 13.0 5.3 16 1.6 M10 1.5 16.0 6.4 20 2.0 M12 1.75 18.0 7.5 24 2.5 Zonke izilinganiso zihambisana namazinga e-GB/T 9074.13 / DIN 6921. Izilinganiso zama-washer ngokwe-DIN 125 (i-flat) ne-DIN 127 (i-spring). Izici Zomshini (Isithenjwa) Usayizi Igreydi Amandla Okudonsa (MPa) Amandla Okukhiqiza (MPa) Ubulukhuni Obukhulu M6 4.8 400 320 255 HV M8 4.8 400 320 255 HV M8 8.8 800 640 320 HV M10 8.8 800 640 320 HV M12 8.8 800 640 320 HV Kuma-combination bolts e-Grade 8.8, impahla ngokuvamile yi-10B21 boron steel, ekhishwa nge-cold-headed ukuze yakheke bese i-quenched futhi i-tempered ukuze kuzuzwe izakhiwo zomshini ezicacisiwe. I-spring washer engaphakathi kwe-assembly nayo iyashiswa futhi i-de-hydrogenated ukuvimbela i-hydrogen embrittlement — isinyathelo esibalulekile sokulawula ikhwalithi esihlukanisa ama-combination bolts ekhwalithi ephezulu emikhiqizweni ephansi. Ukuqedwa Kwe-Surface & Ukuvikelwa Kokugqwala Ukuqedwa Ukujiya Kwe-Covering Ukumelana Ne-Salt Spray Indawo Enconywayo I-Zinc Plated (I-Blue-White) 8–12 μm 72–144 amahora Ngaphakathi, izimboni ezijwayelekile I-Zinc Plated (I-Yellow) 8–12 μm 96–168 amahora Ngaphandle, ukugqwala okuphakathi I-Zinc Plated (I-Clear) 5–8 μm 48–96 amahora Ngaphakathi, ukuvikelwa kwesikhashana I-HDG (ngokucela) 45–85 μm 500–1,500+ amahora Ngaphandle, ogwini, olwandle I-Dacromet (ngokucela) 5–12 μm 600–1,500+ amahora Ogwini, olwandle, ukugqwala okuphezulu I-zinc plating inikeza ukuvikelwa kwe-sacrificial (cathodic) ensimbini ye-steel engaphansi. I-blue-white zinc plating ejwayelekile iyisiphetho esivame kakhulu sama-combination bolts futhi inikeza ukuvikelwa okuhle kokugqwala ezindaweni zangaphakathi nezimboni ezijwayelekile. I-zinc coating isetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlanganisa, iqinisekisa ukumbozwa okuphelele kwe-bolt, i-spring washer, ne-flat washer. Inothi elibalulekile le-Grade 8.8: Ama-electroplated high-strength fasteners (i-Grade 8.8 nangaphezulu) asengozini ye-hydrogen embrittlement. Inqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa yama-combination bolts e-8.8 grade ihlanganisa isinyathelo se-de-hydrogenation (i-baking) ngemuva kwe-plating ukuze kukhishwe i-hydrogen emunyiwe futhi kuvinjelwe ukuqhekeka okubuthakathaka okubambezelekile kwe-spring washer. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi umhlinzeki wenza lesi sinyathelo esibalulekile. Izicelo Ama-combination bolts (ama-SEMS screws) asetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni: Ukuhlanganisa I-Sheet Metal — Ama-automotive body panels, ama-appliance housings, i-HVAC ductwork, ama-electrical enclosures I-Electronics & Instrumentation — Ama-control panels, ama-terminal blocks, i-equipment chassis, i-rack mounting Imishini & Imishini — Ukufakwa kwe-motor, ukuhlanganisa i-pump, ama-conveyor systems, imishini yezimboni Ifenisha & Ama-Fixtures — Ukuhlanganisa ifenisha yensimbi, ama-shelving systems, ama-display fixtures I-Automotive — I-interior trim, izesekeli ze-injini, izingxenye ze-underbody I-Solar & Amandla Avuselelekayo — Ama-mounting brackets, ama-panel frames, ukuhlanganisa i-battery module Ukwakha & Ingqalasizinda — I-metal roofing, i-cladding, ukuxhumana kwesakhiwo esilula Ukuhlanganisa Okujwayelekile — Noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa lapho i-bolt, i-spring washer, ne-flat washer kudingeka ndawonye Inzuzo eyinhloko yama-combination bolts emisebenzini yokuhlanganisa yevolumu ephezulu ukuncishiswa kwenani lezingxenye nesikhathi sokuphatha. Esikhundleni sokuthatha i-bolt, i-spring washer, ne-flat washer ngokwahlukene, umsebenzisi uphatha iyunithi eyodwa — kunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlanganisa, kuqede izinkinga zama-washer alahlekile, futhi kuqinisekise i-preload engaguquki. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Yonke imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezinqubo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi ngokuhambisana namazinga e-GB/T 9074.13, ISO 898-1, ne-ASME B18.13.1M. Ama-material test certificates (EN 10204 3.1), imibiko yokuhlola ubukhulu, imibiko yokuhlola ubulukhuni, kanye nemibiko yokuhlola yabantu besithathu kunganikezwa ngokucela. Kuma-combination bolts e-Grade 8.8, lezi zinyathelo zokulawula ikhwalithi ziyenziwa ku-batch ngayinye yokukhiqiza: Ukuhlolwa kokudonsa komzimba we-bolt Ukuhlolwa kwe-hardness ye-bolt ne-spring washer Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-de-hydrogenation ye-spring washer ngemuva kwe-plating Ukuhlolwa kokubanjwa kwama-washer ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-washer ahlala ebambekile kodwa ajikeleza ngokukhululeka Ukupakisha & Ukwenza Ngokwezifiso Ukupakisha Kokuthumela Ngaphandle: Ikhathoni / ibhokisi lokhuni / i-steel pallet Ukupakisha Kwasekhaya: Ibhokisi le-corrugated elijwayelekile / isikhwama / ikhathoni elikhulu I-OEM/ODM: Iyatholakala — osayizi abenziwe ngokwezifiso, izinhlobo zamakhanda, ukuhlelwa kwama-washer (i-spring washer eyodwa, i-flat washer eyodwa, noma izingxenye ezintathu), izinto zokwenza (SS304, SS316), kanye nokuqedwa kwe-surface kungakhiqizwa ngokwemidwebo noma amasampula I-MOQ: Kuyaxoxisana Imininingwane Yokucela Ukuze ufake i-oda noma ucele isilinganiso, sicela ucacise: Uhlobo lomkhiqizo — I-three-piece combination bolt (i-bolt + i-spring washer + i-flat washer) Uhlobo lwekhanda — I-External hex / I-Internal hex socket / I-Cross recessed pan head Istandard — I-GB/T 9074.13 / I-DIN 912 + washer assembly / I-ASME B18.13.1M Impahla — I-Carbon steel (Q235, 10B21, 45#) / I-Stainless steel (SS304, SS316) Igreydi lamandla — 4.8 / 8.8 / A2-70 / A4-70 Usayizi we-thread ne-pitch — isb., M6 × 1.0 noma M8 × 1.25 Ubude — Cacisa ubude obuphelele (isb., 16 mm, 25 mm, 40 mm) Ukuqedwa kwe-surface — I-Zinc plated (cacisa umbala) / I-HDG / I-Dacromet / I-Plain Inani — Noma yikuphi ukubekezelelana kokuthumela ngaphezulu/nangaphansi Isitifiketi — I-EN 10204 3.1 MTC / Ukuhambisana ne-ISO 898-1 / I-SASO (ye-Saudi Arabia) / I-EAC (ye-Kazakhstan) Izidingo ezikhethekile — Uhlobo lwe-washer (i-spring + i-flat, i-spring kuphela, i-flat kuphela), ukumaka, ukupakisha, njll.