Uhlolojikelele Lomkhiqizo Lo mkhiqizo uyibhawodi eyindilinga eneziphetho ezimbili ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-double-end threaded stud, i-stud bolt, noma i-threaded rod), eyakhiwe nge-SS304 (AISI 304) insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ngeProperty Class A2-70 ngokwe-ISO 3506-1. I-stud inezintambo zobude obulinganayo ezinhlangothini zombili kanye ne-shank elula phakathi, ehambisana ne-GB/T 901-1988 (Double-End Studs — Clamping Type). Usayizi oyinhloko yi-M16 × 2.0, kanti ezinye izayizi ziyatholakala kusukela ku-M2 kuya ku-M56. Ukwakhiwa kwe-double-end stud kuvumela ukuthi umkhawulo wokugxuma ufakwe unomphela emgodini ohlanjiwe kuyilapho umkhawulo ovezwayo uthola inathi ukuze kubanjwe. Lokhu kunikeza ukuxhumana okunentambo okuhlala njalo, okungagqokiyo okungahlanganiswa futhi kuhlakazwe kaningi ngaphandle kokulimaza izintambo zento yokuqala — kufanelekile emihlangweni eneflange, ama-valve bonnets, kanye nemishini edinga ukunakekelwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Into Nesigaba Ipharamitha Imininingwane Into SS304 (AISI 304 / 06Cr19Ni10) insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic Isigaba A2-70 ngokwe-ISO 3506-1 / GB/T 3098.6 Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali C ≤ 0.08%, Mn ≤ 2.0%, Si ≤ 0.75%, Cr 18.0–20.0%, Ni 8.0–10.5%, S ≤ 0.03%, P ≤ 0.045% Amandla Okuqina (σb) ≥ 700 MPa (A2-70); ibanga lika-500–720 MPa le-SS304 Amandla Okuvumela (σ0.2) ≥ 450 MPa Ukweluleka (δ5) ≥ 40% Ubulukhuni ≤ 187 HRB / ≤ 90 HRV / ≤ 200 HB I-SS304 iyinsimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic esetshenziswa jikelele enikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, izakhiwo ezinhle zokusebenza ngokubanda, kanye nokusebenza okuthembekile esikhathini esibanzi sokushisa. Iyisigaba sensimbi engagqwali esicaciswa kakhulu kuma-fasteners ezimbonini, ezokwakha, kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemishini. Isibizo se-A2-70 sibonisa insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic esetshenzwe ngokubanda enamandla okuncane okuqina angu-700 MPa, okuyenza ifanele ukuxhumana kwesakhiwo nokuxhumana kwemishini okunomthwalo ophakathi. Amazinga Nezincazelo Ipharamitha Imininingwane Uhlobo Lomkhiqizo Ibhawodi Eyindilinga Enezinsikazi Ezimbili / I-Equal-Length Double-End Stud Izinga GB/T 901-1988 (Double-End Studs — Clamping Type) Usayizi Wentambo M16 × 2.0 (okujwayelekile); M2–M56 ziyatholakala Uhlobo Lwentambo I-Metric coarse / Metric fine Isiqondiso Sentambo Kwesokudla (kwesokunxele kuyatholakala ngokucela) Ukubekezelelana Kwentambo 6g Ubude 30 mm – 300 mm (kungenziwa ngokwezifiso) Ukuqedwa Kwendawo Okulula / Okwenziwe i-passivated (okwemvelo okungagqwali) Izinga Lomkhiqizo A (GB/T 901-1988) I-GB/T 901-1988 icacisa ama-double-end studs anobude obulinganayo anobubanzi bezintambo kusukela ku-M2 kuya ku-M56. Kuleli zinga, ubude bezintambo ekugcineni ngakunye buyalingana, kanti ubude be-shank elula emaphakathi bunqunywa ngobude obushiwo. Ngobude L ≤ 2b, ingxenye encane engahlanjiwe engadluli ku-4P (izintambo ezine ze-thread pitch) ingakhiqizwa. Izinga lilingana ngobuchwepheshe ne-DIN 938 (thick shank, b₁ = 1d) ngokwakhiwa komkhawulo wokugxuma. Izilinganiso Ezibalulekile (Isithenjwa — M16) Ipharamitha Isilinganiso Intambo (d) M16 I-Thread Pitch (P) 2.0 mm (coarse) Ubude Bentambo (b, ekugcineni ngakunye) 38 mm (ku-L ≤ 125 mm); 49 mm (ku-125 < L ≤ 200 mm); 53 mm (ku-L > 200 mm) Ubude Bentambo Yomkhawulo Wokugxuma (bm) 16 mm (1 × d) Ububanzi Be-Shank (ds) Okukhulu 16 mm / Okuncane 15.73 mm Ubude Obutholakalayo 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200 mm Zonke izilinganiso zihambisana namazinga e-GB/T 901-1988 / DIN 938. Izici Zemishini (Isithenjwa — SS304 / A2-70) Isici Inani Amandla Okuqina ≥ 700 MPa Amandla Okuvumela (0.2% offset) ≥ 450 MPa Ukweluleka ≥ 40% Ubulukhuni ≤ 187 HRB Ibanga Lokushisa Lokusebenza −196°C kuya ku-+800°C Ukumelana Ne-Salt Spray ≥ amahora angu-500 Ama-double-end studs e-SS304 agcina izici zawo zemishini esikhathini esibanzi sokushisa kusukela ku-cryogenic (−196°C) kuya kumazinga aphezulu (+800°C), okuwenza afanele kokubili izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-LNG zokushisa okuphansi kanye nemishini yezinqubo zokushisa okuphezulu. Izinhlelo Zokusebenza Ama-bolts e-double-end stud ensimbi engagqwali asetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini: I-Petrochemical & Chemical Processing — Ukuxhumana kwamapayipi aneflange, ama-valve bonnets, ama-heat exchangers, izitsha zokucindezela, izembozo ze-reactor I-Oil & Gas — Imishini ye-Wellhead, ama-flange epayipi, ukufakwa kwamaphampu nama-compressor Ukukhiqizwa Kukagesi — Ama-casing e-turbine, ukuxhumana kwe-generator, amapayipi omusi I-Desalination & Marine — Ama-flange epayipi lamanzi olwandle, ukuxhumana kwe-offshore platform Ukudla & Imithi — Izinhlelo zamapayipi e-sanitary, ukuhlanganisa imishini e-hygienic Ukwakha & Ingqalasizinda — Ukubopha nge-anchor, ukuxhumana kwesakhiwo, ukubopha i-facade I-Solar & Amandla Avuselelekayo — Izinhlelo zokufaka, ukuhlanganisa i-battery module Izimoto & Ezokuthutha — Ukufakwa kwenjini, ukuxhumana kwesistimu ye-exhaust, izingxenye ze-chassis Ukwakhiwa kwe-double-end stud kunenzuzo ikakhulukazi emihlangweni eneflange lapho i-stud ingagxunyekwa ku-flange, i-gasket ibekwe, kanti i-flange ehambisana nayo iboshwe ngenathi — okuvumela ukuthi umhlangano uvulwe ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuhlangana kwe-stud ku-flange yokuqala. Ukuqedwa Kwendawo Nokuvikelwa Ekugqwaleni Ukuqedwa Ukubukeka Ukumelana Nokugqwala Indawo Enconyiwe Okulula (Okungagqwali Kwemvelo) Okumpunga kwesiliva, okumatte Kuhle kakhulu — ungqimba lwe-passive lwemvelo Izimboni ezijwayelekile, ngaphakathi/ngaphandle Okwenziwe i-Passivated Okumpunga kwesiliva, indawo ehlanzekile kakhulu Kuthuthukisiwe — kususa ukungcola kwendawo Izindawo ezisogwini, zamakhemikhali, izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-hygienic Okucwebezelisiwe Kukhanya, kukhombisa Kuhle kakhulu Ezokuhlobisa, ezokwakha, imishini yokudla I-SS304 inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni eziningi zomoya, amanzi ahlanzekile, kanye namakhemikhali amnene. Ungqimba lwe-chromium oxide ye-passive yemvelo lwakheka ngokuzenzakalela endaweni futhi luyazilungisa uma lonakala. I-Passivation (ngokwe-ASTM A967 / GSO ISO 16048) inconywa ukuze kwandiswe ukumelana nokugqwala ngokususa ukungcola kwendawo kanye ne-iron ekhululekile. Umkhawulo: I-SS304 ayinconywa ezindaweni ezinothe nge-chloride njengokucwiliswa emanzini olwandle, i-salt spray, noma ukuchayeka ogwini phakathi kuka-10–20 km ukusuka ogwini, lapho i-SS316 (A4) kufanele icaciswe esikhundleni salokho. Ukuqinisekiswa Kwekhwalithi Yonke imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwezinqubo zokulawula ikhwalithi eziqinile ngokuhambisana namazinga e-GB/T 901-1988, ISO 3506-1, kanye ne-GB/T 3098.6. Izitifiketi zokuhlolwa kwezinto (EN 10204 3.1), imibiko yokuhlolwa kwezilinganiso, kanye nemibiko yokuhlolwa yabantu besithathu kunganikezwa ngokucela. Umkhiqizo uzuze izinga lokubuyekezwa okuhle lika-100% ngesilinganiso sika-5.0/5.0 kanye nokubuyekezwa okuqinisekisiwe okungu-200+ kunkundla, okubonisa ikhwalithi engaguquki nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Ukupakisha Nokwenza Ngokwezifiso Ukupakisha Kokuthumela Ngaphandle: Ibhokisi lokhuni / ikhreyithi / i-steel pallet Ukupakisha Kwasekhaya: Ikhathoni ye-corrugated / isikhwama sepulasitiki / inyanda I-OEM/ODM: Iyatholakala — izayizi ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, izinhlobo zezintambo, izinto (SS316, SS316L, SS201), kanye nokuqedwa kwendawo kungakhiqizwa ngokusho kwemidwebo noma amasampula I-MOQ: Kuyaxoxisana Imininingwane Yokuhlela Ukuze ufake i-oda noma ucele isilinganiso, sicela ucacise: Uhlobo lomkhiqizo — I-Equal-length double-end stud (GB/T 901) Isigaba sento — SS304 (okujwayelekile) / SS316 / SS316L / SS201 Usayizi wentambo ne-pitch — isb., M16 × 2.0 (metric coarse) noma M16 × 1.5 (metric fine) Ubude — Cacisa ubude obushiwo L (isb., 90 mm, 110 mm, 150 mm) Ubude bentambo — Okujwayelekile ngokwe-GB/T 901, noma ngokwezifiso Ukuqedwa kwendawo — Okulula / Okwenziwe i-Passivated / Okucwebezelisiwe Inani — Ngokubekezelelana kokuthumela ngaphezulu/ngaphansi Isitifiketi — EN 10204 3.1 MTC / ukuhambisana ne-ISO 3506-1 / GOST-K (ye-Kazakhstan) / SASO (ye-Saudi Arabia) Izidingo ezikhethekile — Ukumaka, ukupakisha, ukubhanqa kwenathi ne-washer, njll.