Ukubuka Komkhiqizo Izikulufu zokuzibhoboza zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-410 / 304 ezinekhanda eliyisicwebeza esine-washer (ezaziwa nangokuthi izikulufu ze-Tek zensimbi engagqwali noma izikulufu zophahla ezizibhobozayo) ziyizibopho ezingagqwali eziklanyelwe ukubopha amashidi ensimbi yophahla, izembatho zensimbi, nezakhiwo zensimbi ezincane ezisekelweni sensimbi noma zokhuni. Ikhanda eliyisicwebeza eline-washer linikeza indawo enkulu yokuthwala futhi liqhutshwa nge-socket yesicwebeza ejwayelekile, kuyilapho i-washer yokuvimbela ehlanganiswe ne-EPDM idala ukuvaleka okungangenisi amanzi eduze komgodi obhoboziwe. Lezi zikulufu zitholakala ngezigaba ezimbili zensimbi engagqwali ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa: Insimbi engagqwali engu-410 (i-martensitic) — Iyashiswa futhi iqiniswe, ifinyelela ukuqina okuphezulu kwendawo (HRC 53–58 esihlokweni sokubhoboza) ukuze kube nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokubhoboza emashidini ensimbi. Inikeza ukumelana nokugqwala okulinganiselayo, okungcono kune-carbon steel kodwa kuphansi kune-304. Ilungele ukubopha kwensimbi-kuya-ensimbi okujwayelekile ezindaweni ezingaphakathi nezomile. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 (i-austenitic) — Ayishiswa futhi iqiniswe kodwa inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu (≥720 amahora okufafazwa ngosawoti), okuyenza ilungele izindawo ezingasogwini, ezinomswakama, nezichayeke kumakhemikhali. Ukuqina okuphansi kusho ukuthi ilungele ukubopha ku-aluminium, ipulasitiki, noma ukhuni kunamashidi ensimbi awugqinsi. Lezi zikulufu zenziwe ngokwe-DIN 7504 K (isikulufu esizibhobozayo esinekhanda eliyisicwebeza esine-washer) kanye namazinga e-ISO 15480. I-DIN 7504 K icacisa ubukhulu, impahla, izakhiwo zemishini, nezidingo zokusebenza zezikulufu ezizibhobozayo ezinekhanda eliyisicwebeza esine-washer ezinamandla okubhoboza amashidi ensimbi; ithathelwe indawo yi-ISO 15480, futhi lezi zindinganiso ezimbili ziyashintshana. Zitholakala ngobubanzi obungu-ST4.2, ST4.8, ST5.5, no-ST6.3 mm, nobude obusuka ku-13 mm kuya ku-150 mm. Ukuqhathanisa Kwempahla: Insimbi Engagqwali engu-410 vs 304 Impahla Insimbi Engagqwali engu-410 Insimbi Engagqwali engu-304 Isakhiwo Sekristalu I-Martensitic I-Austenitic Izibuthe Yebo Cha (izibuthe kancane ngemuva kokusebenza ngokubanda) Iyashiswa futhi Iqiniswe Yebo (ingaqiniswa) Cha Ukuqina Kwendawo HRC 53–58 (isihloko sokubhoboza) HRC ≤ 20 Ukuqina Kwangaphakathi HRC 35–45 HRC ≤ 20 Amandla Okudonsa 600–800 MPa 500–600 MPa Ukumelana Nokugqwala Kulinganiselayo (kungcono kune-carbon steel) Kuhle kakhulu Ukufafazwa Ngosawoti (ASTM B117) ~500 amahora ≥720 amahora Amandla Okubhoboza Amashidi ensimbi afinyelela ku-12.5 mm I-Aluminium, ipulasitiki, ukhuni kuphela Ukusetshenziswa Okuhle Kakhulu Ukubopha kwensimbi-kuya-ensimbi, ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile Izindawo ezingasogwini, ezinomswakama, zamakhemikhali Isiqondiso esibalulekile sokukhetha: Insimbi engagqwali engu-410 ilinganisela ukusebenza kokubhoboza nokuvikelwa kokugqwala — inikeza ukuqina okuphezulu nokusebenza okuhle kokubhoboza, eduze ne-carbon steel, kodwa inokumelana nokugqwala okuphansi kune-304. Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 igqamisa ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu futhi ilungele izindawo ezichayeke emswakameni noma kumakhemikhali. Impahla engu-410 iyisinqumo esijwayelekile sezikulufu ezizibhobozayo ezidinga ukungena emashidini ensimbi; i-304 ikhethwa kakhulu kumaphahla ensimbi angaphandle, izivalo zemishini, nokusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezigqwalayo. Indinganiso Nokuhambisana Ipharamitha Incazelo Indinganiso DIN 7504 K (isikulufu esizibhobozayo esinekhanda eliyisicwebeza esine-washer); ISO 15480 Impahla Insimbi engagqwali engu-410 (1Cr13) ye-martensitic / insimbi engagqwali engu-304 (0Cr18Ni9) ye-austenitic Uhlobo Lwentambo Untambo ozibhobozayo (ST), iphoyinti loHlobo lwe-17 Uhlobo Lwekhanda Ikhanda eliyisicwebeza eline-washer elihlanganiswe ne-EPDM yokuvimbela Ukuqedwa Kwenziwe i-passivated (insimbi engagqwali yemvelo) Ukumelana Nokugqwala 410: ~500 amahora okufafazwa ngosawoti; 304: ≥720 amahora okufafazwa ngosawoti (ASTM B117) I-Washer Yokuvimbela I-washer ehlanganiswe ne-EPDM (imelana ne-UV, −40 °C kuya ku-+120 °C) Amandla Okubhoboza Kufinyelela ku-12.5 mm ishidi lensimbi (kuncike kububanzi besikulufu nempahla) Ububanzi ST3.5 / ST3.9 / ST4.2 / ST4.8 / ST5.5 / ST6.3 mm Ubude 9.5 mm – 160 mm Ubukhulu Nemininingwane Usayizi Wesikulufu Ububanzi (mm) Ubude Obujwayelekile (mm) I-Hex Drive Ukusetshenziswa Okujwayelekile ST3.5 3.5 9.5 / 13 / 16 / 19 / 22 / 25 6 mm Ishidi lensimbi elilula, amaphaneli amancane ST3.9 3.9 13 / 16 / 19 / 22 / 25 7 mm Uphahla olulula, imigudu yomoya ST4.2 4.2 13 / 16 / 19 / 22 / 25 / 32 7 mm Uphahla olulula, izembatho ST4.8 4.8 13 / 16 / 19 / 22 / 25 / 32 / 38 / 45 / 50 8 mm Uphahla olujwayelekile, i-HVAC ST5.5 5.5 19 / 25 / 32 / 38 / 45 / 50 / 60 / 70 / 75 8 mm Uphahla olusindayo, izembatho zensimbi ST6.3 6.3 19 / 25 / 32 / 38 / 45 / 50 / 60 / 70 / 75 / 80 / 90 / 100 / 110 / 120 / 125 / 130 / 140 / 150 / 160 8 mm / 10 mm Uphahla olusindayo, ukuxhumana kwezakhiwo Ubude nobubanzi obenziwe ngokwezifiso kuyatholakala uma kuceliwe. Izici Zomkhiqizo Izigaba Ezimbili Zensimbi Engagqwali Ziyatholakala — Khetha u-410 ukuze uthole ukubhoboza okuqinile emashidini ensimbi, noma u-304 ukuze uthole ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu ezindaweni ezinzima. Zombili izigaba ziyatholakala ngobukhulu obufanayo nokuhlelwa kwekhanda. Iphoyinti Lokuzibhoboza (I-Tek Point) — Iphoyinti lokubhoboza eliqinisiwe lingena emashidini ensimbi ngaphandle kokubhoboza kuqala, kunciphisa isikhathi sokufaka nezindleko zabasebenzi. Insimbi engagqwali engu-410 ifinyelela ukuqina okudingekayo ngokushiswa nokuqiniswa; insimbi engagqwali engu-304 inikeza amandla okubhoboza ezisekelweni ezithambile. Ikhanda Eliyisicwebeza Eline-Washer — Indawo enkulu yokuthwala isabalalisa amandla okubopha ngokulinganayo futhi ivimbele ukulimala kwamashidi ophahla. Ihambisana nama-hex socket drivers ajwayelekile. I-Washer Yokuvimbela Ehlanganiswe ne-EPDM — I-washer ye-EPDM emelana ne-UV icindezelwa emshidini wophahla ukuze idale ukuvaleka okungangenisi amanzi, ivimbele ukungena kwamanzi endaweni yokungena kwesibopho. Amandla Aphezulu Okubamba — Ukuqina okuphezulu namandla okubamba kuvimba ukuxega ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nangaphansi kokudlidliza nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Ubukhulu Obuningi — Ububanzi busuka ku-ST3.5 kuya ku-ST6.3 mm, ubude busuka ku-9.5 mm kuya ku-160 mm, kuhlanganisa cishe zonke izidingo zophahla, izembatho, nokubopha okujwayelekile. Ukuqedwa Okuhambisana Nemvelo — Ukuqedwa kwensimbi engagqwali yemvelo kususa isidingo se-zinc plating noma izembatho, kugwema izinkinga ze-hexavalent chromium futhi kusekela izinhloso zokusimama kumaphrojekthi okwakha aseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Izinhlelo Zokusetshenziswa Izikulufu zokuzibhoboza zensimbi engagqwali ezingama-410 / 304 ezinekhanda eliyisicwebeza esine-washer zisetshenziswa kabanzi ku: Ukufakwa Kophahla Lwensimbi — Ukubopha amashidi ensimbi yophahla e-corrugated ne-trapezoidal kuma-purlin, ama-rafter, nohlaka lwensimbi. U-410 ulungele ukwakhiwa okujwayelekile; u-304 unconywa ezindaweni ezingasogwini nezinomswakama ophezulu. Izembatho Zasezindongeni — Ukunamathisela amaphaneli odonga ensimbi, amaphaneli e-sandwich, nezembatho ezihlanganisiwe ezakhiweni zensimbi noma zokhuni. Okwasolwandle Nokwasogwini — Ukubopha amadekhi, izakhiwo zamachweba, nezinhlelo zezinkundla zasolwandle lapho ukugqwala kwamanzi anosawoti kuyinkinga (u-304 unconywa). Ukufakwa Kwamaphaneli Elanga — Ukubopha ama-rail okufaka nama-bracket ezakhiweni zophahla ezinhlelweni zamandla elanga. Imigudu Ye-HVAC — Ukuqinisa ukufakwa kwe-insulation yemigudu, ama-hanger, ne-flashing ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano nezimboni. Uhlaka Lwensimbi — Ukuxhumana kohlaka lwensimbi olulula lwezihlukaniso nophahla. Izakhiwo Zezolimo — Izindlu zezinkukhu, izibaya, nezindawo zokugcina (u-304 unconywa ekuchayekeni kwe-ammonia). Imihlahlandlela Yokufaka Khetha impahla efanele yesikulufu — Sebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-410 ukubopha emashidini ensimbi; sebenzisa insimbi engagqwali engu-304 ukubopha ku-aluminium, ipulasitiki, noma ukhuni, noma ezindaweni ezigqwalayo kakhulu. Khetha ubude obufanele besikulufu — Isikulufu kufanele singene esisekelweni okungenani nge-25 mm ngaphezu kobukhulu obuphelele bempahla ebophwayo. Sebenzisa isikrudrayiva esinejubane eliguqukayo — Qhuba ngejubane eliphansi (1,500–2,500 RPM) ngengcindezi eqhubekayo kuze kube yilapho i-washer ye-EPDM icindezelwa kancane emshidini wophahla. Ungaqinisi ngokweqile — I-torque eyeqile izocindezela i-washer ye-EPDM ngaphezu komkhawulo wayo wokunwebeka futhi ibangele ukuvuza kwamanzi noma ukulimala kweshidi lophahla. Qhuba ngokuqondana nendawo — Ukufaka nge-engeli kuvimbela i-washer ukuthi ihlale kahle futhi kudala ukuvaleka okungaphelele. Hlola ngemuva kokufaka — Hlola ukuthi wonke ama-washer acindezelwe kahle futhi azikho izikulufu eziqhutshwe ngokweqile noma eziphumelele. Isiqinisekiso Sekhwalithi Zonke izikulufu zenziwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuqinile futhi zinganikezwa nge: Izitifiketi Zemboni — imibiko yokuhlolwa kwempahla enokwakheka kwamakhemikhali nezici zemishini (ukuqinisekiswa kwe-410 / 304) Imibiko yokuhlolwa kokuqina — ukuqinisekiswa kokuqina kwendawo nangaphakathi (kwe-410) Imibiko yokuhlolwa kokufafazwa ngosawoti — ukuqinisekiswa kokumelana nokugqwala (ASTM B117) Imibiko yokuhlolwa kwamandla okubhoboza — ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kokubhoboza Imibiko yokuhlolwa kwe-torque — ukuqinisekiswa kwamandla e-torsional Imibiko yokuhlolwa yabantu besithathu (SGS, BV, TÜV) — iyatholakala uma kuceliwe Izitifiketi Zokuhlola ze-EN 10204 3.1 — ziyatholakala uma kuceliwe Ulwazi Lokuhlela Ukuze wenze i-oda noma ucele isilinganiso sentengo, sicela unikeze: Izinga lempahla (410 / 304) Usayizi wesikulufu (ST3.5, ST3.9, ST4.2, ST4.8, ST5.5, ST6.3 mm) Ubude obudingekayo Inani ngosayizi ngamunye Izidingo zesitifiketi Okukhethwayo kokupakisha