Izinto ze-Polythene sezitholakala yonke indawo ekwenziweni kwemikhiqizo yesimanje kanye nemikhiqizo yabathengi, njengomgogodla wezinto zokupakisha, ezokwakha, kanye nemikhakha yemikhiqizo yabathengi. Njengomndeni wama-polymer osuselwa ku-monomer ethylene, i-polythene ne-polyethylene zihlobene kakhulu ngokwemvelo nokusebenza, kodwa la magama avame ukusetshenziswa ngokufanayo ezimweni zezimboni. Amabhizinisi athenga izinto eziluhlaza noma akha imikhiqizo adinga ukuqonda okucacile, okusebenzayo kwezinto ze-polythene ukuze enze izinqumo ezonga imali, ezithobela imithetho, nezinobuntu. Lesi sethulo sichaza ukwakheka okuyisisekelo, ukubaluleka kwezohwebo, kanye nabashayeli bemakethe abakha isidingo se-polyethylene enwetshiwe, i-high density polyethylene (HDPE), kanye nezingxube ze-polyethylene ezisetshenziswe kabusha. Ukuqonda lezi zisekelo kusiza amaqembu okuthenga ukuthi ahlolisise abahlinzeki, alungise imininingwane, futhi alindele izinguquko zemithetho ezithinta ukukhethwa kwezinto.

Izinto ze-Polythene zihlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zamabanga kanye nezimo ezingacutshungulwa, kusukela kumafilimu aguquguqukayo kuya ezingxenyeni ezibunjiwe eziqinile nemikhiqizo ye-foam enwebayo. Ukuguquguquka kwe-polyethylene polythene kusho ukuthi ingalungiswa ukuze kube namandla, ukucaca, ukusebenza komgoqo, noma isakhiwo se-foam kuye ngesisindo samamolekyuli, ukuhlukana, namaphakethe engeziwe. Ezinkampanini, leli lungiselelo lihumusha ezinkethweni zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto, ukuthuthukisa impilo yomkhiqizo, noma ukuthuthukisa ukugaywa kabusha ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-low density, high density, kanye ne-polyethylene enwebayo noma enofomu kubalulekile lapho kuchazwa izinto zokupakisha, amafilimu ezolimo, imishayo, noma i-insulation. Ngalesi siqondiso, amaqembu okuthenga kanye nemikhiqizo angaxhumana nabathengisi abanjengoQingdao Xinfeng Jincheng (okubhekiselwe kuyo ngezansi) ngemibuzo yobuchwepheshe eqondisiwe mayelana ne-extrusion, i-compounding, nokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha.

Imindeni emibili eyinhloko yezohwebo—i-low density polyethylene (LDPE) kanye ne-high density polyethylene (HDPE)—iyakwazi ukumboza izinhlobo eziningi zezimboni, kanti i-expanded polyethylene kanye ne-specialty copolymers zihambisana nezicelo ezikhethekile. I-LDPE inikeza ukuguquguquka, ukucaca okuhle, kanye nokukwazi ukuboshwa ngokushisa, okuyenza ilungele ama-film, izikhwama, kanye nokupakisha okuguquguqukayo. Ngokuphambene, i-high density polyethylene inikeza amandla aphezulu okudonsa, ukumelana namakhemikhali, kanye nokuqina, okufanele iziqukathi, amapayipi, kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo. I-expanded polyethylene (evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-cushioning foam noma i-thermal insulation) yengeza isakhiwo samaseli ku-polymer, inikeza isisindo esiphansi kanye nokumunca ukushaqeka okokupakisha okuvikelayo kanye namaphaneli okwakha.

Ngaphandle kwe-LDPE ne-HDPE, amabhizinisi azobhekana ne-linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), i-medium density polyethylene (MDPE), kanye nezingxube ezikhethekile ezihlanganisa izici ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucubungula noma ukusebenza komshini. I-polyethylene egaywe kabusha yethula ukuhluka kuye ngomthombo (post-industrial vs post-consumer) kanye nenqubo yokugaywa kabusha, ngakho-ke imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe kufanele ifake i-melt flow index (MFI), imikhawulo yokungcola, kanye nokuzinza kombala. Lapho ucacisa izinto zomkhiqizo, kubalulekile ukulinganisa izindleko, ukusebenza, kanye nemigomo yokusimama—ukukhetha phakathi kwe-virgin high density polyethylene yezingxenye zesakhiwo noma ingxube ye-polyethylene egaywe kabusha yokupakisha engabalulekile kuyinto evamile yokuhweba. Abakhiqizi abathola kubahlinzeki abasungulwe kahle kufanele bacele izitifiketi zokuhlaziya kanye nemibhalo yokusimama ukuze baqinisekise ukulandelelwa kwezinto.

Izakhiwo zezinto ze-polythene zibuswa ukuminyana kwe-polymer, ukusabalaliswa kwesisindo samamolekyuli, kanye nesakhiwo sokuhlangana, esikhomba amandla okwelula, ukwelulwa, ukuqina, kanye nokuziphatha okuyisithiyo. I-HDPE ngokuvamile ibonisa ukuminyana okuphezulu kune-LDPE, okwenza ukuqina okukhulu nokumelana namakhemikhali kodwa ukubonakala okuphansi. I-polyethylene eyandisiwe, ngokuphambene, ithembele esakhiweni samaseli ukuze inikeze ukufakelwa okushisayo nokumunca amandla, yingakho izinto eziyisikhumba ze-polyethylene ezandisiwe zivamile ekupakisheni okuvikelayo nasekuvikeleni izakhiwo. Ukuqonda lezi zakhiwo ezisemqoka kuvumela abaklami ukuthi babike ukusebenza ngaphansi komthwalo, kumakhemikhali anzima, noma ezingeni lokushisa elihlukahlukene.

Ukumelana namakhemikhali, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nezici zokuguga nakho kuyizinto ezibalulekile ezicashunwayo ezicelo ezihlala isikhathi eside njengamapayipi nezinto zangaphandle. Izinto ze-Polythene zimelana nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali nezisekelo kodwa zingathinteka yi-aromatic hydrocarbons nezinye izixazululi; abaklami kufanele bahlole amashadi okuhambisana futhi, lapho kudingeka, benze ukuhlolwa kokuchayeka. Izakhiwo zokushisa njengendawo yokuncibilika kanye nokuguquguquka kwengilazi kunikeza imininingwane ngezimo zokucubungula njengokushisa kwe-extrusion nokubumba, futhi izithako (ama-UV stabilizers, ama-antioxidants, ama-slip agents) ngokuvamile ziyadingeka ukugcina ukusebenza ezindaweni zangaphandle noma ezishisayo. Emikhiqizweni edinga ubukhulu obungaguquki noma izakhiwo zokuvimbela, ukulawula imingcele yokucubungula kanye nezakhiwo ze-resin kubaluleke njengokukhetha izinga elifanele le-polyethylene polythene.

Izinto ze-Polythene zisekela izinhlobonhlobo zezicelo ezifana nokupakisha, ukwakha, ezolimo, ezemoto, kanye nezimpahla zabathengi. Ekupakisheni, ama-film e-LDPE kanye ne-LLDPE ahlinzeka ngezixazululo eziguquguqukayo, ezishisayo ezishisayo zamabhokisi, izikhwama, kanye ne-shrink-wrap, kanti i-HDPE isetshenziselwa amabhodlela aqinile, amabhodlela amakhulu, kanye namakhethi. Uvimbamthetho lwe-polyethylene olwandisiwe luvikela izinto zikagesimende kanye nezinto ezibuthakathaka ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa, luhlinzeka ngesendlalelo esilula esithambisa ukushaqeka esinciphisa izindleko zokuhamba. Ukuhlanganiswa kokuminyana okuphansi kanye nokumelana nemishini yikho okwenza uvimbamthetho olwandisiwe luhlale luthandwa ezicelo zokugcwalisa lapho amandla okushaqeka kudingeka ancishiswe ngaphandle kokungeza ubukhulu.

Ukwakhiwa kusetshenziswa i-polythene njengezithiyo zomusi, ama-geomembrane, izinto zamapayipi, nezingxenye zokufakelwa; ukumelana namakhemikhali kanye namandla e-HDPE kwenza kube kufanele amapayipi angaphansi komhlaba nama-geomembrane adinga ukuqina isikhathi eside. Ezwilini, amafilimu kanye nezingubo zezindlu zokulima zisebenzisa izigaba ezihlala isikhathi eside ze-UV ze-polyethylene polythene ukwandisa impilo yesevisi nokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yezitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyethylene egaywe kabusha isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhiqizweni yesibili njengokhuni oluhlanganisiwe kanye nefenisha yangaphandle engadingi amandla amakhulu, ihambisana nabaklami bemikhiqizo nezimiso zomnotho oyindilinga. Kwamaqembu okuthenga, ukuhlela uhlelo ngalunye ezindaweni ezidingekayo zemishini, ezokushisa, kanye nezomthetho kugwema ukuhluleka okubizayo emkhakheni futhi kuvumela ukuthola kubathengisi abanamakhono afanele okukhiqiza.

Izinkinga zemvelo zibalulekile ezindabeni zesimanje ezihlobene nezinto ze-polythene. Ngenkathi i-polyethylene ingasetshenziswa kabusha kalula ngokuyisisekelo—ngenxa yesimo sayo se-thermoplastic—izinga lokusebenzisa kabusha langempela lihlukahluka ngesifunda, ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo, nengqalasizinda yokuqoqa udoti. I-polyethylene esetshenziswe kabusha ingasebenza kahle ezindaweni eziningi, kodwa ikhwalithi incike ekuhlungweni, ekulawuleni ukungcola, nezinqubo zokucubungula kabusha. Amabhizinisi alandela ukusimama kufanele aphambili ekwakhiweni ukuze kusebenziseke kabusha, achaze ukwakhiwa kwezinto ezifanayo lapho kungenzeka khona futhi agweme ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziningi ezingahambisani ezivimbela ukusebenzisa kabusha. Ukufaka okuqukethwe okusebenzise kabusha okufakazelwe (okungaphakathi embonini noma okungaphakathi kubathengi) kunciphisa umkhondo wekhabhoni futhi kusekela izinhlelo ezivalekile, kodwa kudinga ukuqinisekiswa okucophelelayo komphakeli nokuhlolwa kwezinto.

Izitayela zokulawula kanye nokuzibophezela kwezinkampani ekusimameni ngokwemvelo ngokuvamile kukhetha i-polyethylene egaywe kabusha kanye nokuqukethwe okuncane kwe-resin entsha, okuholela ekutshalweni kwezimali kubuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha ngomshini kanye nobuchwepheshe bokugaywa kabusha ngamakhemikhali. I-polyethylene foam eyandisiwe yethula izinselele ezengeziwe zokugaywa kabusha ngenxa yokuminyana kwayo okuphansi, okungadala ubunzima ekuqoqweni nasekuqhubeni; nokho, ukuminyeneza kanye nemifudlana yokugaywa kabusha enikezelwe kungenza ukugaywa kabusha kwe-foam kusebenze ngobukhulu. Amabhizinisi kufanele athuthukise amasu okugcina impilo—njengezinhlelo zokubuyisa noma ubudlelwano nezinkampani zokuphatha udoti—ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezifana ne-polyethylene polythene zikhethwa kude nendawo yokulahla udoti. Ukubika obala, ukuhlolwa kwabahlinzeki, kanye nokubambisana nezinhlangano ezisebenza ekujikelezeni kwamapholima kuzoba kubalulekile ukufeza amazinga avumelana nemvelo.

Ukuqanjwa kwezinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe be-catalyst, i-copolymerization, kanye nokuklanywa kwezithako kwandisa amandla ezinto ze-polythene, kukhiqiza izigaba ezinamandla athuthukisiwe, ubuningi obuphansi, kanye neminye imikhondo engcono yemvelo. Ucwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu lugxila ekuthuthukiseni ukugaywa kabusha ngokusebenzisa izinto ezihambisanayo zemifudlana ye-polymer exubile, ukuthuthukisa izinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha ngokwe-chemical ezibuyisela ukuhlanzeka kwe-monomer, nokuklama izithako ezibola kalula ezisiza ukubola ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo. Lezi zimpumelelo zingavumela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-polyethylene egaywe kabusha ezicelo eziphakeme kakhulu futhi kunciphise ukuncika ezintweni zokuqala ezivela emafutheni ezinsalela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezinkampanini ezihlose ukwenza imikhiqizo ihlale isikhathi eside, ukulandelela lezi zintuthukisi zobuchwepheshe kubalulekile ukugcina ukuncintisana nokuhlangabezana nokulindelekile kwamakhasimende mayelana nokusimama.

Ngokwezohwebo, abahlinzeki bayaphendula ngokunikeza izinto eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile: ama-resin e-HDPE aqine kakhulu anokucubungulwa okuthuthukisiwe kwemibhobho nezingxenye ezakhiwo, ama-foam e-polyethylene anezici ezithuthukisiwe zokushisa zokufakelwa, namabanga akhethekile e-polyethylene asetshenziswe kabusha aqinisekisiwe ukuthi angasetshenziswa ekudleni noma ezimweni zezokwelapha lapho kufanele khona. Ukubambisana nabahlinzeki abanolwazi bomhlaba wonke—njengo-Qingdao Xinfeng Jincheng International Trade Co., Ltd.—kungasiza amabhizinisi ukuthi athole ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuhlanganiswa ngokwezifiso, nemibhalo yokuhambisana. Isibalo esingu-13791924718 siyavela ezincwadini zabahlinzeki futhi singabhekisela kuphrofayela yokuxhumana noma ikhodi yokubhekisela esetshenziswa abalingani bezohwebo; empeleni, abathengi kufanele baqinisekise lezi zibalo lapho behlela amasampula, ama-COA, nezokuthutha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulandelelwa nokuxhumana okucacile.

Uma ucacisa izinto ze-polythene, qala ngezidingo ezicacile zokusebenza: izimfanelo zomshini ezidingekayo, ukuchayeka emvelweni, indlela yokucubungula, isikhathi esilindelekile sokusebenza, nezinjongo zokugaywa kabusha. Cela amashidi enemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe afaka i-Melt Flow Index, ubuningi, amandla okudonsa, ukwelulwa lapho kuphuka, nezimo zokucubungula ezinconyiwe. Phikelela ezivivinyweni zesampula nasekuqinisekisweni okukalwe ngobukhulu komkhiqizo ukuze ubone ukuthi i-polyethylene polythene ekhethiwe yenza kanjani ngaphansi kwezimo zangempela zokucubungula nokusebenzisa. Ukuze uthenge ngendlela esimeme, funa imibhalo yokuqukethwe okugaywe kabusha, izitifiketi zokulandelela, nanoma yiziphi izimemezelo zemikhiqizo ezihlobene nemvelo (EPDs).

Sebenzisa amakhono abahlinzeki ukuze uthole izinsizakalo ezingeziwe njengokuhlanganiswa ngokwezifiso, ukubala imibala ye-masterbatch, nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe endaweni ngesikhathi sokugijima kokuqala. Abahlinzeki abanolwazi lokuhweba ngamazwe omhlaba bangakwazi ukusiza ngemibhalo yokulawula kanye nezinqubo zokuthutha—bheka amaphrofayela abahlinzeki nezinhlu zemikhiqizo ukuze ufanise namazinga amakhono. Ngokwesibonelo, abahlinzeki abafana ne-Qingdao Xinfeng Jincheng bagcina izincwajana zemikhiqizo neziteshi zokuxhumana ezisiza abathengi ukuthi baqhathanise izigaba ze-polyethylene ezintsha nezisetshenziswe kabusha futhi bacele izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso; abathengi bangahlola okunikezwayo kwabo ngamakhasi afana ne-HOME kanye nemikhiqizo ukuze bathole imibuzo eqondile. Ekugcineni, hlela ukuphela kwempilo ngokucacisa ukusebenziseka kabusha ekwakhiweni komkhiqizo kanye nokusungula ubudlelwano bokutholwa kwezinto.

Izinto ze-Polythene zihlala ziyisinqumo esisebenza kahle ngokwezindleko futhi esiguquguqukayo ezimbonini eziningi, kusukela ekupakisheni okuguquguqukayo kuya ezingxenyeni ezakhiweyo kanye nezinto zokuvikela ezifana ne-foam. Ngokuqonda umehluko phakathi kwe-LDPE, i-high density polyethylene, i-expanded polyethylene, kanye ne-recycled polyethylene, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukufanisa kangcono ukukhethwa kwezinto nezidingo zokusebenza kanye nemigomo yokusimama. Amasu okuthenga kufanele alinganise ukuqinisekiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, amandla omphakeli, kanye nokuzibophezela kwemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezilindelo zomthetho kanye nezimakethe. Ngobuchwepheshe obuqhubekayo ekugayeni kabusha kanye nesayensi yezinto, i-polythene izoqhubeka nokuthuthuka—inikeza amathuba amasha okunciphisa isisindo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza, kanye nokuhlanganiswa komnotho oyindilinga.

Ukuze uhlole izinketho zabathengisi, amashidi obuchwepheshe, kanye nezingcezu zemikhiqizo, amaqembu okuthenga angathintana nabalingani abathembekile kanye nezinsiza zenkampani. Ngeminye imininingwane ngokuthola izinto zepulasitiki ezisezingeni eliphezulu kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhweba zamazwe omhlaba, vakashela amakhasi omthengisi njengeKHAYA, Imikhiqizo, Mayelana Nathi, Ibhulogi, noma Xhumana Nathi ukuze uqale izingxoxo, ucele amasampula, futhi uthole imibhalo yokuhambisana. Ukubandakanya kusenesikhathi nabalingani bokuhlinzekwa kanye nokucacisa imibandela ecacile yokusebenziseka kabusha nokusebenza kuzosheshisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo futhi kusekele izinhloso zesikhathi eside zokuzinza emakethe ekhathazeka kakhulu ngokukhetha izinto ezibhekene nesibopho.