Amathuluzi Okuhlola kanye Nemishini: Imishini emikhulu yokuhlola ihlanganisa: ama-optical projector kanye nezinhlelo zokulinganisa i-field-of-view (ukulinganisa ngokunembile ama-engeli e-field-of-view), ama-reflectance meter (ukukala i-specular reflectance), imishini yokulinganisa nge-3D coordinate (ukuhlaziya izindawo zokufaka kanye nokubekezeleka kobukhulu), ama-impact tester (ukulingisa izimo zokushayisana), amakamelo okuhlola ezemvelo (ukwenza izivivinyo zokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama), izitendi zokuhlola ukudlidliza (ukulingisa ukugudluzwa komgwaqo), izinhlelo zokuhlaziya izithombe (ukuhlola ikhwalithi yezithombe zezinhlelo ze-electronic field-of-view), amakamelo omthombo wokukhanya ojwayelekile (ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwemibala), kanye nezinsimbi zokulinganisa ezikhethekile (ukuqinisekisa amazinga okuhlola afanayo). Yonke imishini kumele ibe nokulandeleka ngezikhathi ezithile ezindinganisweni zikazwelonke zobuchwepheshe.   Izindlela Nezinqubo Zokuhlola Ezijwayelekile Inqubo yokuhlola ilandela umgomo wokuthi “Ukufakwa Nokulungiswa—Ukuhlolwa Kwangaphambili Kokusebenza—Ukuhlolwa Okukhethekile—Ukuqinisekiswa Kwedatha”: Okokuqala, imoto noma isampula iboshelwa endaweni ejwayelekile yokuhlola, futhi isihlalo kanye nethuluzi le-field-of-view kulungiswa esimweni esiyisisekelo ngokuya ngezimfuneko zomthetho; ngemva kwalokho, i-field-of-view ibalwa kusetshenziswa indlela yokukhomba kanye nendlela yokuphrojusa ukuze kutholakale imingcele yendawo ebonakalayo; okulandelayo, i-radius yokugoba kwengaphezulu lesibuko ilinganiswa kusetshenziswa izinsimbi zokubona, futhi kubalwe amanani okuhlanekezela; ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamandla emishini, i-torque ecacisiwe isetshenziswa engalweni yesibuko kuyilapho kuqashwa inani lokuguquka; ukuhlolwa kwemvelo kuhilela ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kwamayunithi asebenzayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima ezilingisiwe; ekugcineni, ukuhlaziywa kwesivinini sokusabela kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwenziwa emisebenzini kagesi. Ukurekhodwa kwevidiyo kumele kwenziwe kuyo yonke inqubo ukuze kubhalwe phansi izinyathelo ezibalulekile.   Amazinga Nobuchwepheshe Abahlobene Nemibandela Amazinga abalulekile ahlanganisa: izinga likazwelonke “Izimfuneko Zokusebenza Nokufakwa Kwemishini Yokubona Engaqondile Yezimoto” (GB 15084-2022), elihambisana nomthethonqubo wamazwe ngamazwe we-ECE R46 futhi licacisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-field-of-view, amazinga okukhanya, kanye nemibandela yokumelana nomthelela; izinga lomkhakha “Izibuko Zokubuka Ngemuva Zezimoto” (QC/T 531-2020) licacisa izimfuneko zobuchwepheshe zezingxenye ezithile; ezinhlelweni ze-electronic rearview mirror, kumele kubhekwe futhi ochungechungeni lwamazinga “Ukuphepha Kwemishini Yobuchwepheshe Bolwazi” (GB 4943.1) kanye “Nobuchwepheshe Bokuqoshwa Kwevidiyo Yezimoto” (JT/T 1076). Inguqulo ebuyekeziwe ye-ECE R46 yaseYurophu yengeze izimfuneko zokuqinisekiswa kwezinhlelo zekhamera nokuboniswa, futhi izinga laseChina elibuyekeziwe lika-2023 lifake lezi zimfuneko ngokufanele.   Imibandela Yokuhlola Imiphumela Yezivivinyo Uhlelo lokuhlola luhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu: imibandela eyimpoqo, imibandela enconyiwe, kanye nemibandela yokusebenza. Imibandela eyimpoqo ihlanganisa: i-horizontal field of view yesibuko sangaphakathi sokubuka ngemuva kumele ingabi ngaphansi kuka-20°; i-primary field of view yesibuko sangaphandle sohlangothi lomshayeli kumele ihlanganise indawo engamamitha angu-4 ububanzi ebangeni lamamitha angu-10; futhi ukukhanya kwengaphezulu lesibuko kumele kube phakathi kuka-40% no-80%. Ngemva kokuhlolwa komthelela, ubude banoma yikuphi ukuphuka engalweni yesibuko akumele budlule ku-25%. Izinkomba ezinconyiwe zihlanganisa: izinga lokuhlanekezela kwesibuko elingengaphezu kuka-7%, kanye nesikhathi sokulungisa esigcwele sendlela yokulungisa kagesi phakathi kwamasekhondi angu-4–9. Izinkomba zokusebenza zigxila kulezi: ukubambezeleka kwesithombe okungaphansi kwama-millisecond angu-50 ohlelweni lwe-electronic field-of-view, kanye nokugcina ukubonakala ngaphansi kwamazinga okukhanya asuka ku-10 kuye ku-10,000 lx. Ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nanoma yisiphi isinkomba esiyimpoqo kubangela ukuthi lonke ithuluzi libhekwe njengelingahambisani, okudinga ukulungiswa kobuchwepheshe kulandelwe ukuhlolwa kabusha.

Amadivayisi okubona ngokungaqondile ezimotweni abhekisela emishinini esizayo eklanyelwe ukusiza abashayeli ukuthi babone izindawo ezizungeze imoto (njengangemuva, ezinhlangothini, noma ngaphambili) ezingabonakali ngokuqondile. Inhloso yawo eyinhloko ukunweba indawo yokubona, ukunciphisa izindawo ezingabonakali, nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokushayela. Ngokwezinga likazwelonke lakamuva GB 15084-2022, “Izimoto—Amadivayisi Okubona Ngokungaqondile—Izimfuneko Zokusebenza Nokufakwa” (okusebenza kusukela ngoJulayi 1, 2023), lawa madivayisi ngokuyinhloko awela kulezi zigaba ezimbili ezilandelayo: Izibuko zendabuko zokubona: njengezibuko zangaphakathi zokubuka ngemuva, izibuko zangaphandle zokubuka ngemuva (kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingenamumo noma ezingenazimele), izibuko ezibanzi, nezibuko zezindawo ezingabonakali; ‌Izinhlelo Zekhamera-Nokubonisa (CMS)‌: Ezaziwa nangokuthi izibuko zikagesi zokubuka ngemuva, lezi ziqukethe ikhamera ephakeme kakhulu, uhlelo lokucubungula izithombe ngedijithali, nesibonisi se-LCD, futhi zingathatha ngokugcwele indawo yezibuko zendabuko zokubuka ngemuva‌16.    
 Izici Eziyinhloko Zezibuko Zangemuva Zikagesi (CMS) ‌Izingxenye Zobuchwepheshe‌: Ikhamera enekhwalithi ephezulu (esekela i-wide-angle, i-WDR [ububanzi obuguquguqukayo bokukhanya], ukuvikelwa kwamanzi kwe-IP68, njll.) Iyunithi yokucubungula izithombe zedijithali Isibonisi se-LCD (okumele sihlangabezane nezidingo eziqinile zokukhanya, ukugqama kwemibala, ukukhiqiza imibala ngokunembile, njll.) ‌Izinzuzo Eziyinhloko‌: ‌Kuqeda izindawo ezingabonakali‌: Kunikeza umbono obanzi, kuthuthukisa ukuphepha ikakhulukazi lapho ushintsha umzila noma uhlehla ‌Ukuzivumelanisa okunamandla nezimo zezulu ezinzima‌: Kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokubona ebusuku emvuleni, enkungwini, naseqhweni ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms ezithombe ‌Ukunciphisa Ukudonsa Komoya‌: Umklamo owenziwe lula unciphisa ukumelana nomoya, kuthuthukisa ubude bohambo bezimoto ezisebenzisa amandla amasha (isb., i-Avatar 12's drag coefficient yehliswa ngo-0.009 Cd)‌ ‌Imisebenzi Ehlanganisiwe ye-ADAS‌: Ingaxhunywa nezici zokushayela ezihlakaniphile ezifana nokuqapha izindawo ezingabonakali, isexwayiso sokuvula umnyango, nosizo lokushintsha umzila‌Izidingo Zokusebenza (ngokusekelwe ku-GB 15084-2022)‌: Ukubambezeleka kwesithombe ≤ 50 ms (ezinye izimo zokuhlola zidinga ≤ 60 ms)‌57 Izinga lokubonisa izithombe ≥ 30 fps; ikhono lokubona imithombo yokukhanya ephuzi ebusuku (isb., izibani zemoto ezizayo) kumele lihlangabezane ne-PLSDF ≥ 2.7 noma i-PLSCF ≥ 0.12‌6 Ububanzi bezinga lokushisa lokusebenza: -40°C kuya ku+85°C‌7 ‌Isimo Samanje Sokusetshenziswa‌: ‌Izimoto Zabantu‌: Izinga lokungena lingaphansi kuka-1%; ngokuvamile zinikezwa njengesici ongakhetha kuzo ezimotweni ezisezingeni eliphezulu (isb., i-Avata 12, i-Lotus ELETRE, i-BYD Song L) ‌Izimoto Zezohwebo‌: Zibhekwa njengesici esibalulekile sokuphepha ekuthuthweni kwempahla ebangeni elide, ezokuthutha zomphakathi, nasekuthuthweni kwezinto eziyingozi; izinga lokuhlola elikhethekile i-JT/T 1503-2024‌‌1 selivele likhona ‌Isibikezelo Semakethe‌: Ukukhiqizwa kwaseShayina kwezibuko zangemuva zikagesi zangaphandle kulindeleka ukuthi kufinyelele ezigidini eziyisigidi ngo-2026, kanti ukukhiqizwa emhlabeni wonke kuzofinyelela ezigidini eziyisihlanu ngo-2031‌    
 
Izidingo Zokulawula Nokuqinisekiswa Ukuqinisekiswa Okuyimpoqo: Kusukela ngomhlaka 1 Januwari 2027, amadivaysi okubona angaqondile ezimotweni kumele athole ukuqinisekiswa kwe-CCC futhi abonise uphawu olufanele ngaphambi kokuba athengiswe noma asetshenziswe. Ukuvumelaniswa Namazwe Ngamazwe: I-GB 15084-2022 yakhiwe ngokuhambisana nemithetho ye-UN ECE R46, kodwa ishiya izinhlinzeko zokuphatha ukuze igxile ekusebenzeni kwezobuchwepheshe. Izinto zokuhlola zihlanganisa indawo yokubona, ukukhanya, ukugoba, ukumelana nomthelela, ukuzivumelanisa nemvelo, nokubambezeleka kwesithombe; ukwehluleka ukuhlangabezana nanoma yimiphi imfuneko eyimpoqo kuholela ekunqunyweni kokungahambisani.