Uma umthengisi omkhulu e-Dubai, e-Nairobi, noma e-Lagos enquma ukugcina amasondo e-alloy, umbuzo wokuqala awuvamisile ukuba ngentengo — kodwa ukuthi amasondo azofaneleka yini ezimotweni zemakethe yabo. I-Shuangliu Huishuo Auto Parts Co., Ltd. ingumkhiqizi ozinze e-Sichuan, e-China, ogxile ekwenzeni amasondo e-aluminium alloy enziwe ngokwezidingo ezithile hhayi ngezindlela ezijwayelekile ezisemgqeni. Inkampani isebenza ngohlelo lokuhambisa ngqo okuvela efektri, okusho ukuthi isondo ngalinye liphuma endaweni efanayo lapho lakhiwa khona, lacindezelwa, lashiswa, futhi lacutshungulwa ngokulinganisa okunembile. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa okuqondile kunikeza abathengi be-B2B ukuzethemba kokuthi lokho abaku-odayile yilokho abakutholayo, ngaphandle kwabameli abanyusa izindleko noma abashintsha izimfuneko. Ngaphandle komkhiqizo ojwayelekile, umkhiqizi unikeza izinsiza ze-OEM ne-ODM, okuvumela abathengisi, abasabalalisi, nezinkampani zokushintsha izimoto ukuthi bakhe amasondo ngaphansi kwamagama abo omkhiqizo. Kubathengi base-Middle East nase-Afrika, lokhu kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe, amanani aqondile, namandla okwenza ngokwezifiso kwenza inkampani ibe umlingani osebenzayo ebudlelwaneni bokuhlinzeka besikhathi eside. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungani ukucaciswa okufanele kubalulekile, kumele kuqala kutholakale izinombolo ezimbili ezibaluleke kakhulu ezichaza ukufaneleka kwesondo: i-PCD ne-ET.

I-PCD, noma i-Pitch Circle Diameter, ububanzi bendilinga edlula maphakathi nembobo yebhawodi ngayinye esondweni, futhi ivezwa ngamamilimitha, njengo-5x112 noma 6x139.7. Leli pharamitha linquma ukuthi isondo lingakwazi yini ukufakwa emhubheni wemoto, ngoba iphethini yamabhawodi kumele iqondane kahle nezinsimbi noma amalugi aku-brake drum noma i-hub assembly. Kubathengi be-B2B abagcina amasondo ezimakethe zase-Middle East nase-Afrika, amanani avame kakhulu e-PCD afaka u-5x114.3 kuma-SUV amaningi ase-Japan nase-Korea, u-5x120 kuma-sedan kanokusho ase-Europe, u-5x112 kwezimoto zase-German eziphezulu, kanye no-6x139.7 kumapikiphu ase-America nase-China nezimoto ze-off-road. Ukukala i-PCD ngokwakho kulula: beka i-vernier caliper emabhotheni amabili aseduze usuka maphakathi, bese uphindaphinda lelo banga ngesici esincike enanini lamabhawodi, noma umane ukale ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo eziphambene kumaphethini anenombolo elinganayo. Noma nini lapho kufakwa i-oda lamasondo enziwe ngendlela ekhethekile (custom forged wheels), umthengi kumele acacise kokubili inani lamabhawodi kanye ne-pitch circle diameter ngokunembile, ngoba noma iphutha eliy-millimeter eyodwa lizovimbela ukufakwa futhi lidale izingozi zokuphepha. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqinisekisa ububanzi be-center bore, ngoba isondo kumele lihlangane kahle phezu kwe-hub flange yize i-PCD ihambelana kahle. Umhlinzeki ochwepheshile njengo-Shuangliu Huishuo uyohlale ebuza uhlobo lwemoto, umodeli, unyaka, ne-trim level ukuze aqinisekise idatha ye-PCD ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhiqiza.

Ulwazi lwemakethe luhlukanisa umthengisi ophumelelayo nalowo ogcina enempahla engathengiseki, futhi i-PCD iyingxenye ebonakala kakhulu yalolo lwazi. Emazweni aseGulf, izimoto ezinkulu ezigcwele ezidume njengeToyota Land Cruiser neNissan Patrol zisebenzisa amaphethini angu-5x150 no-6x139.7 ngokulandelana, kuyilapho amaveni okuletha nezimoto ezilula ezithwala impahla zivame ukusebenzisa u-5x160 noma u-6x139.7. EMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Afrika, amapikiphu aqinile afana neToyota Hilux, Ford Ranger, ne-Isuzu D-Max abusa emgwaqweni, futhi lawa ngokuvamile adinga u-6x139.7 noma u-5x114.3 kuye ngesizukulwane. Izimoto ezihlala abantu nezincane kulezi zifunda zibuyela emaphethinini angu-4x100, 4x114.3, noma 5x114.3, okudala ukuhlukahluka okubanzi okudinga ukukhiqizwa okuguquguqukayo. Ifektri enikeza ukwenziwa ngendlela oyifisayo kwe-PCD ngaphandle kwemikhawulo ibaluleke kakhulu kunomthengisi ophethwe yilokho okumbalwa okusitokweni. Inqubo ye-Shuangliu Huishuo yokufake ngendlela oyifisayo ingamukela cishe noma yiliphi iphethini lamabhawodi ngoba i-wheel blank iyacutshungulwa ngemva kokufakwa, kunokuba ikhawulelwe yisikhunta esenziwe ngaphambilini. Lokhu kuguquguquka kungenye yezizathu eziyinhloko ezenza abathengisi abakhulu bakhethe ubudlelwano obuqondile nefektri ngezidingo zabo ze-alloy wheel PCD ET parameters.

Ngenkathi i-PCD inquma ukuthi isondo lifanele nhlobo, inani le-ET — elibizwa nangokuthi i-offset — linquma ukuthi isondo lihlala kanjani ngaphakathi kwendawo yesondo, futhi lithinta kakhulu kokubili ukubukeka nokuziphatha kokushayela. I-offset ibanga ngamamilimitha phakathi kwendawo yokufaka isondo kanye nomugqa ophakathi ncamashi wombhobho wesondo, futhi iza ngezinhlobo ezintathu: ephozithivu, enegethivu, ne-zero. I-positive offset isho ukuthi indawo yokufaka iseduze nobuso obungaphandle besondo, okufaka isondo ngaphakathi libheke kususpension; izimoto eziningi zasefektri nezanamuhla zisebenzisa ama-positive offset asukela ku-+35 kuya ku-+60. I-negative offset iphushela indawo yokufaka ibheke onqenqemeni lwangaphakathi lwesondo, ibangele ukuthi isondo netayara kudlulele ngaphandle kwe-fender, okuyinto ethandwayo ezimotweni ze-off-road nezitayela ezinolaka ze-off-road. I-zero offset ibeka indawo yokufaka ncamashi emgqeni ophakathi, inikeze ukuma okungathathi hlangothi okuvamile ezimotweni zakudala nakwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezohwebo. Ukuthola i-ET okungalungile kudala izinkinga ezingokoqobo ezifana namathaya ehlikihla i-fender, izingxenye ze-suspension ziguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nokuzwa kwe-steering kungacaci noma kungazinzile lapho kunomthwalo omkhulu. Emikhunjini yezimoto namaloli e-off-road avamile e-Afrika naseGulf, i-offset engalungile ingabangela nokwehluleka kwe-wheel bearing ngoba ishintsha amandla asetshenziswa ku-hub. Ukukhetha i-ET efanele kudinga ukwazi i-offset yasefektri yesondo langempela, ububanzi nobubanzi besondo elisha, kanye nesikhala esitholakalayo ngaphakathi kwendawo yesondo.

Kumthengisi okhonza izimoto zezohwebo, isu eliphephile kakhulu ukuphinda usebenzise i-factory offset ngaphandle uma ikhasimende licela ngokuqondile ukushintsha kwesimo. Uma imoto iphakanyisiwe noma ithwele umthwalo osindayo, i-positive offset ephansi kancane noma i-negative offset encane ingavula umkhondo futhi ithuthukise ukuzinza, kodwa lokhu kufanele kuqinisekiswe nge-calculator yobungcweti bokufaka. Ithimba lobunjiniyela lase-Shuangliu Huishuo lisebenza njalo namakhasimende e-B2B ukumodela ama-offset ahlukene ngokuqhathanisa nezinhlobo ezithile zezimoto, liqinisekisa ukuthi amasondo enziwe ngendlela ekhethekile ahlangabezana kokubili izinhloso zobuhle nokuphepha kwemishini. Le ndlela yokubonisana inciphisa ukubuyiswa nokufakwa kwezicelo zewaranti, okuyinkinga enkulu uma usebenza nokuthunyelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe lapho ukubuyisa kubiza kakhulu. Wonke umbuzo we-PCD ET wamasondo e-alloy ovela kumthengi ngakho-ke kufanele uthathwe njengenkinga yobunjiniyela bokufaka, hhayi nje ukufaka i-oda lezingxenye. Ngokunikeza i-ET yokuqala yemoto nobubanzi obufiswayo besondo elisha, abathengi bangavumela umkhiqizi ukuba abale i-offset yokugcina futhi aqinisekise ukuthi kukhona indawo yokungena.

Isizathu sokuthi abathengisi abakhulu eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika bathande amasondo enziwe ngendlela yokufakwa kwensimbi ngokucindezelwa (forged wheels) kunalawo enziwe ngokuthululwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe (cast wheels) kwehlela ezintweni ezintathu ezilinganisekayo: isisindo, amandla, kanye nenkululeko yokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo. Amasondo e-forged akhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa ingcindezi enkulu phezu kwensimbi eqinile ye-aluminium alloy, okuhlela ukwakheka kwensimbi ngendlela ehambisanayo futhi kwenza isondo libe nzima futhi liqine kunesondo le-cast elilingana ngalo ngosayizi. Le nqubo yokufaka ingcindezi yehlisa kakhulu isisindo esingaphansi kwemoto (unsprung weight), futhi amasondo alula athuthukisa ngokuqondile ukonga uphethiloli, ukushesha, kanye nokuphendula kwezibhuleki, okuthandeka kakhulu kubaqhubi bezimoto ezinkulu ezibala izindleko zokuphelelwa kwemoto ngekhilomitha ngalinye. Isilinganiso esiphezulu samandla nesisindo sisho nokuthi amasondo e-forged angamelana nezimo ezinzima zemigwaqo engeyona ehlelekile, imigodi emgwaqweni, kanye nokushisa okwedlulele kwasogwadule ngaphandle kokuqhekeka noma ukugoba, okunciphisa isikhathi sokuma kwezimoto zokuthutha. Okubaluleke kakhulu, inqubo ye-forged iqala ngensimbi engenalutho, ngakho umenzi angakwazi ukwenza noma iyiphi i-PCD, noma iyiphi i-ET offset, noma ubukhulu bombobo kusukela ku-16 kuya ku-26 amaintji, noma ububanzi, noma ukuqedwa, kanye nanoma yisiphi isilinganiso somthwalo kumkhiqizo wokugcina. Isondo le-cast, ngokuphambene, likhawulelwe yisikhunta salo futhi alikwazi kalula ukwamukela amaphethini ezikulufu ezingajwayelekile noma ama-offset adlulele. Esitolo esilungisa izimoto esifuna ukunikeza ubuso obuyingqayizivele obugobile, ukuphehwa okucwebezelayo, noma imibala ekhethekile, amasondo e-forged aluminium alloy anikeza ithuba elingaqhathaniseka. Abathengi abaqonda lezi zinzuzo bangazibeka njengabahlinzeki abasezingeni eliphezulu kunokuba bancintisane ngentengo kuphela nabangenisi bamasondo e-cast.

I-SHUANGLIU HUISHO AUTO PARTS CO., LTD. isebenza njengomkhiqizi wezinto zokuqala (OEM) kanye nomklami wokuqala (ODM), okusho ukuthi amakhasimende e-B2B angayala amasondo athwala ilogo yawo, ukupakishwa, kanye nemibhalo yezobuchwepheshe. Izinketho zokwenza ngendlela oyifisayo azigcini nje ngobuhle bezinto, kodwa zihlanganisa nobubanzi obungokwezifiso, ububanzi, ama-offset, izilinganiso zomthwalo, kanye nokuqedwa okukhethekile okufana ne-powder coating, i-chrome plating, noma imibala ye-anodized ehambisana nezintandokazi zezimakethe zesifunda. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa ngokuphelele ngaphakathi kwenkampani, njengoba iloli ngalinye elenziwe nge-forging lidlula ukuhlolwa kobukhulu, ukuhlolwa kokuqina kwempahla, kanye nokulinganisa okuguquguqukayo ngaphambi kokuba lipakishwe ukuze lithunyelwe. Inkampani inezitifiketi ezifanele zekhwalithi yokukhiqiza, ukuthobela imithetho yokuthumela ngaphandle, kanye nokulandeleka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, okunikeza abathengi isikhundla esivikelekile lapho amakhasimende abo ebuza ngamazinga okuphepha. Ngenxa yokuthi ifektri ithengisa ngqo ngaphandle kwezinkampani zokuhweba noma abameleli, amanani entengo yokwehlelisa ahlala eqhudelana ngisho nalapho umthengi ecela ikhonthena eligcwele losayizi abahlukahlukene nezimfuneko. Leli modeli lefektri eliqondile lifinyeza uchungechunge lokuxhumana ukuze imibuzo yezobuchwepheshe ngama-alloy wheel PCD ET parameters iphendulwe onjiniyela bangempela hhayi abameleli bokuthengisa. Kubasabalalisi abafuna ukwakha umkhiqizo wabo, indlela ye-OEM ivikela isikhundla sabo semakethe ngenkathi besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza be-forge yaseShayina esunguliwe.

Abathengi bamazwe ngamazwe bavame ukungakuboni kahle ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwangempela kwe-forged wheel kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani, futhi ukuqonda izikhathi zokulethwa kubalulekile ekuhleleni impahla. I-oda elijwayelekile le-forged wheel elenziwe ngokwezifiso kwa-Shuangliu Huishuo lithatha phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 nengama-45 kusukela ekuvunyelweni komklamo kuze kube sekuqedweni, kuye ngobunkimbinkimbi bemfuneko kanye nenani le-oda. Uma amasondo esekhiqiziwe, ukuthunyelwa emachwebeni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi njenge-Jebel Ali e-Dubai, i-Dammam e-Saudi Arabia, noma amachweba ase-Afrika njenge-Mombasa, i-Dar es Salaam, ne-Lagos ngokuvamile kuthatha ezinye izinsuku ezingama-20 kuye kwengama-40 ngomkhumbi. Ukuthunyelwa ngendiza kuyatholakala kuma-oda asheshayo wesampula noma amanani amancane, nakuba izindleko zento ngayinye ziphezulu kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zigcinelwa ukuqinisekiswa kwesampula lokuqala. Indlela ethembekile kakhulu yokugwema ukuphela kwempahla ukuhlela ama-oda ngokusekelwe esidingweni sesizini, ikakhulukazi ngaphambi kwezikhathi eziphakeme zokuhamba ze-Ramadan ne-Hajj e-Gulf, lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto nokuthengwa kwe-aftermarket kukhuphuka kakhulu. Abathengi kufanele futhi bacele isampula lokukhiqiza langaphambi komkhiqizo we-forged wheel, okwengeza cishe amasonto amabili esikhathini sonke kodwa kuvimbela amaphutha abizayo kukho konke ukuthunyelwa ngekhonteyina. Abasabalalisi abanolwazi bagcina uhlelo lokuyala olujikelezayo, befaka i-oda elisha lokukhiqiza ngokushesha nje lapho ukuthunyelwa kwangaphambilini kuqinisekisiwe, ukuze indawo yabo yokugcina impahla ingahlali ingenalutho. Ithimba lezokuthutha lika-Shuangliu Huishuo lihlela imibhalo, ukusekelwa kokugawulwa kwempahla emasimini, nokulayishwa kwezitsha ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo yokulethwa ihamba kahle kusukela endaweni yefektri kuya echwebeni lokufika.

Abathengi abathenga ngobuningi bazuza ohlelweni olucacile lokuthenga ngobuningi oluklomelisa amavolumu amakhulu ngentengo ephansi kakhulu ngewheel ngalinye. Inani elincane lokuthenga ngokuvamile liqala ngekhonteyina elilodwa lama-20 feet, kodwa i-MOQ eqondile incike kosayizi wewheel, isisindo, kanye nokucaciswa, futhi ifektri ikwazi ukuguquguquka ukuze ihlanganise ukulayishwa okuxubile kwamamodeli ahlukene nokuqedwa okuhlukene. Izaphulelo zobuningi ziyasebenza njengoba inani lokuthenga likhula, futhi izivumelwano zesikhathi eside ezinamavolumu anyanga zonke azibophezelekile zivula izintengo ezinhle kakhulu zefektri. Imigomo yokukhokha ngokuvamile ihlanganisa idiphozithi yangaphambili engu-30% kanti ibhalansi ikhokhwa ngokumelene ne-bill of lading, nakuba abalingani abasunguliwe bengaxoxisana ngamalungiselelo e-letter-of-credit noma ukukhokha ngezigaba. I-Shuangliu Huishuo isekela kokubili ukulayishwa kwekhonteyina eligcwele kanye nokulayishwa okuxubile, ngakho umthengisi angayala inhlanganisela eminingi ye-PCD ne-ET ngekhonteyina elilodwa ukuze ahlole izimakethe eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukucela isilinganiso sentengo kulula: abathengi bathumela usayizi wewheel abawufunayo, iphethini yamabhawodi, i-offset, isilinganiso somthwalo, ukuqedwa, kanye nenani, bese ifektri iphendula nge-proforma invoice enemininingwane kanye nomdwebo wobuchwepheshe. Kubathengi abasha abafuna ukuhlola ikhwalithi ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ku-oda elikhulu, ama-oda amasampula amasondo amabili kuya kwamane ayakhuthazwa, futhi izindleko zesampula ngokuvamile ziyabuyiselwa ku-oda lokuqala elikhulu. Le ndlela isusa cishe wonke ubungozi obuhambisana nokushintshela kumthengisi omusha wamasondo e-alloy ezweni langaphandle.

Ukuqonda kahle amapharamitha e-alloy wheel PCD ET isisekelo sebhizinisi elinenzuzo lokusabalalisa amasondo e-Middle East nase-Afrika, ngoba lezi zinombolo zinquma ukufakwa, ukuphepha, nokwaneliseka kwekhasimende. Amasondo e-aluminium alloy enziwe ngokwezifiso avela kumkhiqizi oqondile we-factory-direct anikeza amandla alula, ukwenziwa ngendlela engunaphakade, kanye nekhwalithi engaguquki okungafinyeleleki kumasondo e-cast. I-Shuangliu Huishuo Auto Parts Co., Ltd. ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe be-forging bangaphakathi, izinsizakalo zokubeka uphawu lwe-OEM ne-ODM, amanani okuthengisa ngobuningi ancintisanayo, kanye nezokuthutha ezithembekile ukuze isebenze abathengi be-B2B kulezi zifunda. Noma ngabe ugcina amasondo emikhumbi ye-Toyota Hilux pickups, uhlobisa isitolo se-luxury SUV, noma wakha uphawu lwakho lwe-aftermarket wheel, onjiniyela basefekthri bakulungele ukusiza ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe nokuhlela ukukhiqiza. Buyekeza inkampaniIKHASI ikhasi lokuhlola amakhono okukhiqiza, noma ubrowse IMIKHIGIZO uhlu ukubona osayizi abatholakalayo nokuqedwa. Abasabalalisi abanentshisekelo emlandweni wenkampani nezinhlelo zekhwalithi bangafunda UKWENZELWA-1 ikhasi, futhi labo abakulungele ukuthuthukisa ilebula yangasese bangabuyekeza Uhlobo ikhasi lensiza. Xhumana nethimba lokuthengisa namuhla ngemininingwane yakho yokukhomba namanani entengo, futhi uqale ubambiswano olwakhelwe kubuchwepheshe obunembile nenani eliqondile lefektri.

PCD, noma ububanzi bomjikelezo wepitch, ububanzi bomjikelezo odlula phakathi nendawo yezimbobo zamabhawodi, kuyilapho i-ET iyisilinganiso sokude phakathi kwendawo yokufakwa kwesondo nomugqa waso omaphakathi. Kanyekanye, lezi zici ze-alloy wheel PCD ET zinquma ukuthi isondo lingafakwa yini emotweni nokuthi lihlala kanjani ngaphakathi kwendawo yesondo. Uma enye yalezi zilinganiso ingalungile, isondo ngeke lifakwe kahle, amathayi angahle agudle izingxenye zokumisa, futhi ukuphepha kungase kube sengozini. Kubathengi be-B2B, ukucacisa lezi zilinganiso ngendlela efanele kuyo yonke i-oda kuvimbela ukubuyiswa okubizayo kanye nezimangalo zewaranti. Ukusebenza nefekthri ekwazi ukwenza noma iyiphi i-PCD ne-ET kuqinisekisa ukuthi umthengisi oyedwa ungakwazi ukukhonza izinhlobo eziningi zezimoto emakethe yakho.

Ukukala i-PCD, bala inani lezimbobo zamabhawodi bese ulinganisa ibanga phakathi kwezikhungo zezimbobo ezimbili eziseduze usebenzisa i-caliper noma ithuluzi le-PCD template. Emasondweni anenani elilinganayo lamabhawodi, njengamane, ayisithupha, noma ayisishiyagalombili, ungalinganisa ngaphesheya kwezimbobo ezimbili eziphambene ukuze uthole ububanzi ngqo. Kumaphethini amabhawodi amahlanu, kufanele uphindaphinde ibanga phakathi kwezikhungo zezimbobo eziseduze ngo-1.701 ukuze uthole i-pitch circle diameter. Umphumela uvezwa ngefomethi efana no-5x114.3 noma 6x139.7, lapho inombolo yokuqala iyisibalo samabhawodi kanti eyesibili ububanzi ngamamamilimitha. Uma ungaqiniseki, nikeza umenzi wemoto uhlobo lwemoto, unyaka, nenguqulo ukuze onjiniyela baqinisekise i-PCD efanele.

I-positive offset isho ukuthi indawo yokufaka ilele eduze nobuso bangaphandle besondo, ngakho isondo lihlala phakathi nendawo yesondo libheke kususpension, okuyinto ejwayelekile ezimotweni zesimanje eziningi. I-negative offset ibeka indawo yokufaka eduze komphetho wangaphakathi wesondo, ihlikihle isondo liye ngaphandle kwefender ukuze libukeke linamandla, okuvame ukutholakala ezimotweni ze-off-road nezama-drift. I-zero offset ibeka indawo yokufaka ncamashi emgqeni womkhawulo wesondo, inikeze ukuma okungathathi hlangothi. Ukukhethwa kwe-offset kuthinta ukuzwa kokuqhuba, ukugqoka kwamasondo, kanye nokucindezeleka kwezingxenye ze-suspension. Kumasondo enziwe ngokwezifiso (forged wheels), inani le-ET likhandwa ngokusho kwesidingo sakho ngqo, hhayi ukukhawulelwa yisikhunta (mold).

Amanani e-PCD avame kakhulu kulezi zifunda afaka i-6x139.7 yamaloli athutha impahla aseMelika nawaseShayina, i-5x114.3 yama-SUV nama-sedan aseJapane naseKorea, i-5x120 yezimoto zikanokusho zaseYurophu, kanye ne-5x112 yezimoto zokuphatha zaseJalimane. Izimoto ezithandwayo zokuhamba emagqumeni ezifana neToyota Land Cruiser zisebenzisa i-5x150 ezizukulwaneni eziningi, kuyilapho iNissan Patrol ivamise ukusebenzisa i-6x139.7. Amaveni okuletha impahla namaloli alula angase asebenzise amaphethini e-5x160 noma amakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi isidingo sihluka kakhulu, ifektri elungisa i-PCD ibalulekile kubasabalalisi abasebenzela izimoto ezihlukahlukene. I-Shuangliu Huishuo ingakhiqiza noma yimaphi kulawa maphethini ngamasondo enziwe ngendlela ekhethekile.

I-offset efanele igcina isikhungo setayara siqondaniswe ne-eksisi yokuphendula (steering axis), okulondoloza ukuphendula okunembile kokuphendula kanye nokugqoka kwetayara okulinganayo kuyo yonke indlela yokuhamba. I-offset engalungile ishintsha i-scrub radius, okuyibanga phakathi kwe-eksisi yokuphendula nendawo lapho itayara lithinta khona umgwaqo (tire contact patch), futhi lokhu kungenza ukuphendula kube kungacacile noma kubangele ukudonsa kwesondo ngesikhathi sokubhuleka. I-offset ephansi kakhulu noma enegethivu (negative offset) ikhulisa amandla okusebenza kuma-wheel bearings, okungaholela ekonakaleni kwama-bearing ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezisindayo ze-off-road. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-offset ekhethwe ngokucophelela ingakwazi ukwandisa ububanzi bamathrekhi (track) ukuze kube nokuzinza okungcono lapho imoto iphakanyisiwe noma ilayishiwe. Hlala uqinisekisa i-ET yokugcina ngokumelene nemithetho yefektri noma izibalo zikanjiniyela ngaphambi koku-oda amasondo amaningi.

Amasondo enziwe ngensimbi (forged wheels) akhiwa ngokucindezela insimbi eqinile ye-aluminium ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu, okuhlela ukwakheka kwezinhlamvu zensimbi ukuze kube nokuqina nokuminyana okukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namasondo akhiwa ngokuthululwa (cast wheels). Le nqubo ivumela isondo elenziwe ngensimbi ukuba libe lula kuyilapho lisathwala umthwalo ophezulu, linciphisa isisindo esingagxilile (unsprung weight) futhi lithuthukise ukonga kaphethiloli, ukushesha, nokuma kwebhuleki. Amasondo enziwe ngensimbi nawo amelana kangcono nokuqhekeka nokugoba ezimweni ezinzima zomgwaqo njengemigodi yomgwaqo (potholes) nezindlela zasogwadule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngoba ukuqala kusuka ensimbini eluhlaza, abakhiqizi bangakwazi ukwenza noma iyiphi i-PCD, i-ET offset, usayizi, nokupheliswa (finish) esondweni. Lezi zinzuzo zenza amasondo enziwe ngensimbi ngokwezifiso abe yikhetho elihle kubasabalalisi abagxile emakethe yezimoto zikanokusho nezentengiselwano eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika.

Isilinganiso somthwalo sikhombisa isisindo esikhulu kunazo zonke isondo elilodwa eklanyelwe ukusilithwala ngokuphephile, ngokuvamile sivezwa ngamakhilogremu noma amaphawundi ngesondo ngalinye. Izinkampani ezisebenzisa amaloli amakhulu, amaveni, noma izimoto ezithwala impahla zidinga amasondo anezilinganiso zomthwalo eziphakeme ukuze zigweme ukwehluleka kwesakhiwo ngaphansi komthwalo. Lapho ku-oda amasondo enziwe ngensimbi ngokwezifiso, umthengi kumele acacise kokubili isisindo esiphelele semoto kanye nokusabalalisa komthwalo ukuze kunqunywe isilinganiso esifanele. Umkhiqizi bese ekhetha izinga elifanele le-aluminium alloy, inqubo yokubumba, kanye nobukhulu besondo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalokho okuhlosiwe. Ukukhetha isondo elinesilinganiso somthwalo esinganele kuyingozi futhi kungaholela ekwehlulekeni kwamasondo emgwaqweni.

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-oda elenziwe ngezifiso lamavili enjini (forged wheel container order) ngokuvamile kuthatha phakathi kwezinsuku ezingama-30 kuya kwezingama-45 ngemva kokugunyazwa komklamo, kuye ngenani kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bokucaciswa. Ukuthutha ngolwandle emachwebeni ase-Middle East noma e-Afrika kube sekwengeza cishe izinsuku ezingama-20 kuya kwezingama-40. Ukuthutha ngendiza kuyatholakala kumasampula aphuthumayo noma ama-oda amancane ngezindleko eziphakeme. Abathengi kufanele bahlele ama-oda ukuze bavumele isampula langaphambi kokukhiqiza, okwengeza cishe amasonto amabili eshedyulini. Ukugcina ikhalenda elijikelezayo lama-oda kuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokugcina ayipheli nge-alloy wheel PCD ET parameters ezidingwa amakhasimende.

Ubuncane bokuthi umkhiqizo uthengwe ngobuningi ngokuvamile buqala nge-20-foot container eyodwa, nakuba i-MOQ eqondile incike ngosayizi wamasondo, isisindo, kanye nokucaciswa. Ukulayishwa okuxubile kwamamodeli ahlukene, osayizi, kanye nokuqedwa kuyasekelwa, okwenza abathengi bakwazi ukuhlola imikhiqizo eminingi ekuthumeni okukodwa. Izaphulelo zobuningi ziyakhula njengoba inani lokuthenga likhula, futhi izivumelwano zesikhathi eside ezinamanani anyanga zonke azibophezelekile zivula amanani angcono kakhulu. Izimo zokukhokha ngokuvamile zidinga idiphozithi engu-30% kanti ibhalansi ikhokhwa ngokumelene ne-bill of lading, kanti kunezinketho ze-letter-of-credit kubalingani abasunguliwe. Xhumana nefekthri ngemininingwane yakho eqondiwe ukuze uthole isilinganiso esinemininingwane kanye ne-proforma invoice.

Yebo, i-Shuangliu Huishuo Auto Parts Co., Ltd. inikeza izinsiza ze-OEM ne-ODM, okuvumela abasabalalisi ukuthi babeke amalogo abo, amaphakheji, nemibhalo yabo emasondweni enziwe ngensimbi ngokwezifiso. Amaklayenti angakwazi ukwenza ngokwezifiso ukwakheka kobuso besondo, ukuphela, umbala, iphethini yamabhawodi, i-offset, kanye nezinga lomthwalo ukuze ahlukanise umkhiqizo wawo emakethe. Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kwenziwa ngaphakathi, nokuhlolwa kobukhulu kanye nokulinganisa okuguquguqukayo okwenziwa ngaphambi kokupakisha. Le ndlela yomkhiqizo ozimele isiza abasabalalisi bakhe igama lomkhiqizo ngenkathi bethembela kubuchwepheshe bokufaka insimbi kanye nolwazi lokuthumela kwamanye amazwe. Imodeli eqondile yefektri igcina intengo yokudayisa ngobuningi incintisana ngisho nemikhiqizo enemiklamo ekhethekile, enegama lomkhiqizo.