Ama-integrated circuit (IC) angumshini ongabonakali onika amandla cishe zonke izinto zikagesimende emhlabeni wanamuhla, kusukela kuma-smartphone nama-medical implants kuya ezimotweni ezizihambelayo nezinhlelo zokuxhumana nge-satellite. Isixazululo se-integrated circuit asiseyona nje inhlanganisela elula yama-transistor ku-silicon die; siyimvelo eyakhiwe ngokucophelela okufanele ihambisane nokusebenza kahle kwamandla, ubuqotho besignali, ukuphathwa kokushisa, nokunciphisa usayizi ngaphansi kwephakeji elilodwa. Onjiniyela namuhla babhekene nenselele enkulu yokuletha ukusebenza okuphezulu ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo behlisa usayizi futhi benweba impilo yebhethri, okudinga isixazululo se-integrated circuit esiyinoveli futhi esithembekile kakhulu. Imboni ye-semiconductor iphendule ngokucindezela imingcele yobuchwepheshe be-node, izindlela zokupakisha, nezindlela zokuklama, kodwa umehluko wangempela uvame ukuba sendleleni isixazululo ngasinye esiklanyelwe izidingo ezithile zohlelo lokusebenza. Ukuqonda izisekelo zendlela lezi zinhlelo ezincane ezisebenza ngayo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokukhetha umlingani ofanele wephrojekthi yakho elandelayo yokusebenza okuphezulu.

I-Starwing Technology Co., Ltd. isihlonishwa njengegama elithembekile emkhakheni wezixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ze-semiconductor, enikeza i-portfolio ebanzi ebhekana nezidingo eziphakeme kakhulu zokusebenza kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi. Amaqembu ezobunjiniyela enkampani anolwazi olujulile ekwakhiweni kwezixazululo ze-analog CMOS integrated circuit, okuyisisekelo sezicelo eziningi ezisheshayo, ezinomsindo ophansi lapho ukunemba nokuzinza kuyimpoqo. Ngokutshala imali enkulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, i-Starwing Technology yakhe ingqalasizinda eqinile esekela konke kusukela ekuchazeni kokuqala kwe-architecture nokulinganisa kuze kube ukuhlolwa kokukhiqiza kokugcina nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Ukuzibophezela kwenhlangano ekuqambeni izinto ezintsha kubonakala emtatsheni wayo okhulayo wemijikelezo enelungelo lobunikazi kanye nobuchwepheshe bokucubungula obuyimfihlo obuvumela amazinga aphezulu okuhlanganiswa kanye nokudla kwamandla okuphansi kunezindlela ezijwayelekile. Noma ngabe udinga ingxenye ejwayelekile yekhathalogi noma umklamo wangokwezifiso ngokuphelele, i-Starwing Technology iletha iminyaka eminingi yesipiliyoni semboni etafuleni, iqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo ngasinye se-integrated circuit siyethulwa ngesikhathi nangaphakathi kwezidingo.

Lonke ikhambi le-integrated circuit elakhiwe yi-Starwing Technology lenziwa ngokugxila ekusebenzeni, ukwethembeka, kanye nokukwazi ukukhula esikhathini eside, okuyizinsika ezintathu ezichaza ifilosofi yemikhiqizo yethu. Amakhambi ethu asebenzisa izindlela ezithuthukisiwe ze-analog front-end ezithola amazinga aphezulu kakhulu esignali-kuya-umsindo, okwenza zibe zilungele izindawo zokuxhumana kwezinzwa, izinhlelo zokuqoqa idatha, kanye nezamukeli zokuxhumana okumele zithwebule izignali ezibuthakathaka ngaphandle kokudayeka. Ukuklanywa kwekhambi le-analog CMOS integrated circuits kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezixubile, lapho izindawo ze-analog nezedijithali zisebenzisana eduze futhi noma yikuphi ukuxhumana noma umphumela ongahlosiwe kungalimaza ukunemba kohlelo. Sihlanganisa imijikelezo yokulinganisa ku-chip, izinhlelo zokubeka umlandeli ngokuzenzakalelayo, kanye nezici zokuphepha eziphindaphindayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kuhlala kungaguquguquki emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi, nemiphumela yokuguga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinketho zethu zokupakisha—ezisukela kuma-ball grid arrays ama-ultra-fine pitch kuya kuma-custom multi-chip modules—zivumela abaklami ukuthi bahlanganise imisebenzi eminingi endaweni encane ngaphandle kokudela ukusebenza kwe-thermal noma kwe-electrical. Lezi zici zonke ziqinisekiswa ngokuhlolwa okunzulu kwe-simulation kanye nokuchazwa okulingisa izimo zokusebenza zangempela, okunikeza amakhasimende ethu isiqiniseko sokuthi i-silicon eyethulwayo izosebenza njengoba ithenjisiwe.

Izinhlelo zikagesi zesimanje zidinga ibhalansi ethambile phakathi kokudluliswa kwekhompyutha nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi isixazululo sethu sesekethe elihlanganisiwe sibhekana nalokhu ngokusebenzisa ukukala okuguquguqukayo kwe-voltage-frequency, amangqamuzana anengqondo angaphansi kwe-threshold, kanye namasu okugada amandla ku-die efanayo. Umphumela uwukuthi idivayisi engakwazi ukuletha ukusebenza okuphezulu lapho kudingeka bese izishintshela ngokuzenzakalelayo kumodi yokulala engasebenzisi amandla amancane kakhulu, yandise impilo yebhethri ezintweni eziphathekayo cishe ngamaphesenti angu-40 uma kuqhathaniswa nemiklamo evamile. Abakhi bethu banaka kakhulu amanethiwekhi okusabalalisa iwashi kanye nokwenza kahle kwendlela yedatha ukuze kuncishiswe amandla ashintshashintshayo ngaphandle kokudela imingcele yesikhathi edingekayo ukuze kusebenze ngesivinini esikhulu. Ngoba umklamo wezixazululo zamangqamuzana e-analog CMOS ahlanganisiwe uvame ukubandakanya izidingo ezingqubuzanayo phakathi kokuvikelwa komsindo nokudluliswa kwamandla, ithimba lethu lisebenzisa amathuluzi athuthukisiwe okulinganisa ukuhlola yonke indawo yomklamo futhi lithole ukuhwebelana okuhle kakhulu kumphrofayela wesicelo ngasinye esithile. Lokhu kuhlasimulisa umoya kwezakhiwo kufakwe ngqo ku-silicon, kuvumela amakhasimende ethu ukuthi akhe imikhiqizo yokugcina ezinamandla futhi ezonga amandla.

Ukuqina akuyona into eyenziwa kamuva kwinqubo yethu yokuthuthukisa; kuyakhelwa kusukela kumdwebo wokuqala kuze kube kufakwa imibuthano yokuvikela, izakhiwo zokuhlukanisa, kanye nezingqimba zensimbi eziphindaphindwe kabili ezivikela izenzakalo ze-electromigration kanye ne-electrostatic discharge. Wonke umthwalo we-wafer udlula ibhethri eliphelele lezivivinyo ezihlanganisa i-burn‑in, ukujikeleza kwezinga lokushisa, ukuchayeka kumswakama, kanye nokuhlolwa kwempilo okusheshisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isixazululo esihlanganisiwe singamelana nezinselelo zezindawo zezimboni nezimoto. Sibambelela kwinqanaba le-AEC‑Q100 lokufaneleka kwezingxenye zezimoto futhi sigcina imigqa yokukhiqiza eqinisekisiwe ye-ISO 9001, ngoba siqonda ukuthi ukwehluleka okukodwa kwe-silicon ohlelweni olubalulekile lokuphepha kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Idatha yokulawula inqubo yezibalo iqoqwa kuyo yonke imigqa yokukhiqiza futhi ihlaziywe ukuze kutholwe noma yikuphi ukuhlehlisa ekusebenzeni kwe-parametric ngaphambi kokuba kuthinte ikhwalithi ephumayo. Lokhu kunaka kakhulu ukuqina kusho ukuthi lapho ucacisa ingxenye ye-Starwing Technology, ukhetha isixazululo esihlanganisiwe esiqinisekisiwe ukuthi sinikeza ukusebenza okungaguquki eminyakeni yokusebenza ensimini.

Ukuvumelana kwekhambi lethu elihlanganisiwe le-circuit kuvumela ukuthi lisekele imikhakha ebanzi, ngayinye inezinselele zayo zobuchwepheshe nezimfuneko zokulawula. Emkhakheni wezimoto, amadivayisi ethu asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokusiza abashayeli, amayunithi okuphatha ibhethri, kanye nama-node enethiwekhi angaphakathi emotweni lapho umklamo wekhambi le-analog CMOS integrated circuit ubalulekile ukuze kutholwe ukulungiswa kwezinzwa okunembayo kanye nokuguqulwa kwedatha esheshayo. Abakhiqizi bezisetshenziswa zezokwelapha bathembele kuma-amplifier ethu anomsindo ophansi kanye nama-analog front-ends anembayo ezinhlelweni zokuqapha iziguli, amadivayisi okuthwebula okuxilongayo, kanye ne-electronics ehlanganisiwe efuna ukwethembeka okuphelele kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi kakhulu. Ngokuzenzakalelayo kwezimboni, ama-interface ICs ethu aqinile kanye nama-transceivers okuxhumana ahlukanisiwe avumela ukusebenza okuthembekile ezindaweni zemboni ezihlanganisa ukuphazamiseka kukagesi, ukudlidliza, kanye nokushintsha okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Ingqalasizinda yezokuxhumana, okuhlanganisa iziteshi eziyisisekelo ze-5G kanye nama-network okuthutha optical, kuzuza kumakhemikhali ethu axubile anezibhande ezibanzi agcina ukwethembeka kwesiginali phezu kwezixhumanisi zedatha ze-gigabit-per-second. Isicelo ngasinye sizuzwa kufilosofi yobunjiniyela eyinhloko efanayo: ikhambi le-integrated circuit elakhelwe ngenhloso ukuze liqhakaze endaweni elihloselwe yona.

Ngaphandle kwezimakethe ezisungulwe kakade, izindawo ezisakhula njengezinto zikagesimende ezithwalwayo, izindawo zokuphela kwe-Internet-of-Things, kanye nemishini yezindiza zinikeza amathuba amasha kubuchwepheshe bethu. Amadivayisi athwalwayo adinga izimo ezincane kakhulu kanye namandla aphansi kakhulu asebenzayo, okuyinto isixazululo sethu se-integrated circuit esikwenzayo ngokukhetha ama-node athuthukisiwe kanye nokwenza kahle umtapo weselula wangokwezifiso. Izinzwa ze-IoT ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikude noma eziyingozi kufanele zisebenze iminyaka ibhethri eyodwa noma ngisho ziqoqe amandla emithonjeni ezungezile, inkinga yokuklama ebhekwa ngqo yizakhiwo zethu zamandla aphansi kakhulu kanye namayunithi okuphatha amandla asebenzayo. Ezicelo zezindiza, izinguqulo ezivikela imisebe zemiklamo yethu eyinhloko ziqinisekiswa ukuthi zingasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamandla ezindiza kanye ne-electronics yokulawula indiza, lapho noma yikuphi ukungaphumeleli okukodwa kungadala ukuthi umsebenzi wonke ubeke engcupheni. Into efanayo kuzo zonke lezi zindawo ezihlukahlukene yisidingo sesixazululo se-integrated circuit esiqinile nesivumelana nezimo esiletha ukusebenza okubikezelwe ngaphandle kokuyekethisa.

I-Starwing Technology izihlukanisa nabanye abahlinzeki be-semiconductor ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obujulile, ukuguquguquka okugxile kumakhasimende, kanye ne-supply chain ehlanganiswe ngokuvundlile esheshisa imijikelezo yokuthuthukisa. Ngokungafani nabathengisi abakhulu abavame ukunikeza izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinemibhalo emisiwe, sisebenza eduze nekhasimende ngalinye ukuze senze isixazululo se-integrated circuit sihambisane nezidingo zesistimu yabo, sithuthukise amapharamitha afana ne-gain bandwidth, i-input impedance, i-output drive strength, kanye nokuziphatha kokulandelana kwamandla. Umklamo wezixazululo ze-analog CMOS integrated circuit ungenye yamandla ethu ayinhloko, futhi onjiniyela bethu bashicilele amaphepha amaningi ngobuchwepheshe bokunciphisa umsindo, izindlela zokwenza kube lula, kanye nama-algorithms okulinganisa anikeza imikhiqizo yethu inzuzo engalinganiswa ngokunemba nokuzinza. Siphinde sigcine ubudlelwano obuseduze nabakhiqizi abaningi nezindlu zokuhlanganisa, okusinika amandla okukhetha i-process node kanye nephakeji elifanele kakhulu kuwo wonke umsebenzi kunokuba siboshwe kumlingani owodwa wokukhiqiza. Lokhu kuguquguquka kudlulela emibhalweni yezentengiselwano; sinikeza ukwesekwa kwe-prototyping, ukugijima okuncane kokukhiqizwa kwangaphambili, kanye nezingxoxo zokuhlinzekwa isikhathi eside ezisiza iziqalo kanye nezinkampani ezizinzile ukuthi ziphathe izinto zazo kanye nezindleko zazo.

Enye into ebalulekileyo eyenza sihluke yileyo yokutshala imali kwisisekelo esiphucukileyo sokulinganisa nokuqinisekisa, esisivumelayo ukuba sibe nemodeli yokuziphatha okupheleleyo kwesisombululo esihlanganisiweyo, okubandakanya ukukhupha izinto ezingadingekile, imiphumo yobushushu, nokuhluka kwezibalo ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe i-silicon. Le ndlela "yokuqala-ngokufanelekileyo" inciphisa kakhulu inani lezikhathi zokuyila, igcine amakhasimende ethu isikhathi nezindleko zobunjiniyela ezingaphindwa. Ilabhu yethu yokuchaza izinto inezixhobo ezifana ne-oscilloscopes esheshayo, i-spectrum analyzers, ne-wafer probers ezikwazi ukuhlola amadivaysi afinyelela kuma-millimeter-wave frequencies, iqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza okulinganisiweyo kuhambelana nezibikezelo zethu zokulinganisa ngaphakathi kwemingcele eqinile. Siphinde sinikeze imibhalo yobuchwepheshe epheleleyo, amanothi ezicelo, nemiklamo yokubhekisela esheshisa imizamo yokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo yamakhasimende ethu. Uma ubambisana ne-Starwing Technology, awuthengi nje isisombululo se-integrated circuit; uthola umngane wobunjiniyela ozinikele ofuna impumelelo yakho.

Elinye lamaklayenti ethu esikhathi eside, umkhiqizi waseYurophu wezinzwa zezimboni eziqondile, liqashe i-Starwing Technology ukuthi yakhe isixazululo se-integrated circuit esenziwe ngokwezifiso sezizukulwane ezilandelayo zezithumeli zengcindezi. Inkinga eyinhloko kwakuwukuthola ukunemba okungu-0.05 percent okugcwele esikali phezu kobubanzi bokushisa kusuka ku-−40 °C kuye ku-+125 °C ngenkathi kusebenza kusuka ku-4‑20 mA loop enikeza amandla ambalwa kuphela ama-milliwatts. Ithimba lethu lenze umklamo ophelele wesixazululo se-analog CMOS integrated circuits esihlanganise i-chopper‑stabilized instrumentation amplifier, inzwa yokushisa esekhona ku-chip, kanye nenjini yokulungisa yedijithali eyenze ukulungiswa kwesikhathi sangempela kwamaphutha e-offset ne-gain. I-silicon yokugcina yahlangabezana nazo zonke izinhloso ekuhambeni kokuqala, futhi iklayenti libike ukuncipha okungu-30 percent ekubalweni kwezinto ezisezingeni lebhodi kanye nokuthuthuka okungu-20 percent ekunembeni okujwayelekile kohlelo uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa kwabo kwangaphambili okuhlukene. Namuhla, lowo mndeni wezinzwa usetshenziswa emapayipini amafutha, ezitshalweni zokucubungula amakhemikhali, nasezikhungweni zokwelapha amanzi emhlabeni wonke.

Indaba yempumelelo enye ivela emkhakheni wemishini yezokwelapha, lapho inkampani esencane ese-U.S. eyayithuthukisa isiqaphi senhliziyo esigqokwayo idinga isixazululo se-integrated circuit esisebenzisa amandla aphansi kakhulu, esingathola izimpawu ze-ECG ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngenkathi sisebenza okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa nebhethri elincane. Onjiniyela bethu balungise kahle umklamo we-analog front-end ukuze bathole umsindo ongaphansi kuka-1 µVrms ku-diagnostic bandwidth, ngenkathi befaka i-programmable gain amplifier kanye ne-24-bit delta-sigma converter eyayisebenzisa kuphela u-12 µA kusuka ku-1.8 V supply. Umklamo wesixazululo se-analog CMOS integrated circuits wawuhlanganisa uhlelo olusha lokusika olwaqeda umsindo we-1/f ngaphandle kokwandisa isabelo samandla, futhi idivayisi yokugcina yadlula ukugunyazwa kwe-FDA ngaphambi kokungena emakethe ngempumelelo enkulu. I-CEO yeklayenti yaphawula, “I-Starwing Technology ilethe okungaphezu nje kwe-IC; ilethe ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinga lesistimu okwasisiza ukuba sithole umkhiqizo wethu emakethe izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambi kwesikhathi.” Impendulo enjalo iqinisekisa ukholo lwethu lokuthi isixazululo esihle kakhulu se-integrated circuit sakhiwa ngokubambisana njengoba kusakhiwa ubunjiniyela be-silicon.

Njengoba izinhlelo zikagesimende ziqhubeka nokufuna ukusebenza okuphezulu, amandla aphansi, kanye nezimo ezincane, ukukhetha isixazululo se-integrated circuit kuba isinqumo esibalulekile samasu esinganquma impumelelo noma ukwehluleka komugqa wonke womkhiqizo. I-Starwing Technology Co., Ltd. ibonise kaninginingana ukuthi umklamo we-analog kanye ne-mixed-signal owenziwe ngokucophelela, uhlanganiswe nendlela eqondise kumakhasimende, uhlinzeka ngezinzuzo ezibonakalayo zokuncintisana ezimakethe ezifana nezimoto, ezokwelapha, ezemboni, nezokuxhumana. Ubuchwepheshe bethu ekwakhiweni kwezixazululo ze-analog CMOS integrated circuit busekwa ukusebenza okufakazelwe, ukuhlolwa okuqinile, kanye neqoqo lezici ezibhekana ngqo nezinselele zangempela abhekana nazo onjiniyela be-hardware nsuku zonke. Noma ngabe ufuna ukuthuthukisa ukunemba kwesixhumi esibonakalayo senzwa, wehlise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwedivayisi ephathekayo, noma usheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ASIC yangokwezifiso, sinolwazi lobuchwepheshe namandla okukhiqiza ukukusiza ufeze izinhloso zakho.

Sikumema ukuthi uhlole ububanzi obugcwele bezimfanelo zethu bese uthola ukuthi isixazululo sesekethe esihlanganisiwe esivela kuStarwing Technology singakhuphula kanjani iphrojekthi yakho elandelayo. Vakashela ikhasi lethu le-Ikhaya ukuze uthole isifinyezo senkampani yethu, upheqa ikhasi lethu le-Imikhiqizo ukuze ubone izinto esizinikezayo njengamanje, noma uye ekhasini le-Mayelana Nathi ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomsebenzi wethu kanye nethimba lethu. Uma unezidingo ezithile ezidinga indlela eyenziwe ngendlela efanele, abeluleki bethu be-engineering balungele ukuxoxa ngesicelo sakho ngokuningiliziwe. Xhumana nathi ngekhasi lethu le-Xhumana Nathi ikhasi bese uthatha isinyathelo sokuqala ebambisanweni ezoletha isixazululo se-integrated circuit esithembekile, esisebenza kahle esifanele umklamo wakho.