| Property | Characteristic |
|---|---|
| CAS No. | 108-21-4 |
| Molecular formula | C₅H₁₀O₂ |
| Molecular weight | 102.13 g/mol |
| Appearance | Transparent colorless liquid |
| Odor | Fruity |
| Melting point | –73.4 °C |
| Boiling point | 88.6–90 °C |
| Flash point | 2–16.7 °C |
| Density (20°C) | 0.87–0.888 g/cm³ |
| Water solubility (20°C) | 2.90 g/100 mL |
| UN Number / Class | UN 1220, Class 3 |
| Storage | Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place away from sources of ignition |
1. Properties:
Appearance and physical form: Isopropyl acetate is a transparent, colorless, highly volatile liquid with a characteristic pleasant fruity odor. Available in various grades (reactive, HPLC, analytical standard, industrial) with purity from ≥99.0% to ≥99.8%.
Solubility: Isopropyl acetate is moderately soluble in water (2.90 g/100 ml at 20°C) and is miscible with most organic solvents, including alcohols, ketones, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons. This broad compatibility makes it an effective solvent for a wide range of resins, cellulose derivatives, oils, and fats.
Chemical properties: Isopropyl acetate is an ester formed by the condensation of acetic acid and isopropanol. It is a flammable liquid with a flash point of 2–16.7°C (closed cup) and a wide explosive range in air (1.8–7.8% vol.), requiring careful handling. The product has a high evaporation rate, which makes it ideal for applications requiring fast drying. It is chemically stable but reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids and strong bases. Isopropyl acetate can damage some plastics and rubber. Vapors are heavier than air (vapor density 3.5) and may spread to ignition sources. The product is also used as a flavoring agent (FEMA 2926).
2. Applications:
Paints, coatings and printing inks (main): Isopropyl acetate is a key solvent in the production of nitrocellulose lacquers and automotive repair coatings due to its excellent solvency and high evaporation rate. Used in aerosol paints, flexographic and gravure printing inks. Serves as a solvent in the production of artificial leather and industrial coatings.
Chemical synthesis and intermediates: Used as an extraction solvent in the pharmaceutical industry, especially in the production of antibiotics. Serves as a solvent and intermediate in organic synthesis. Used as a dehydrating agent.
Adhesives and industrial cleaners: . Used as a solvent in adhesive compositions and for cleaning and degreasing metal surfaces.
Flavorings and fragrances: Used as a flavoring agent in food products (FEMA 2926) and in the production of perfumery.
Other applications: Solvent for cellulose derivatives, plastics, waxes and resins. Used as a laboratory reagent (HPLC, GC) and in the production of biological pesticides.
3. Production method:
Industrial process: Isopropyl acetate is produced by esterification of acetic acid with isopropanol in the presence of an acid catalyst. The product is purified by rectification. High-purity grades are additionally treated and filtered.
4. Safety information:
Hazard classification: Isopropyl acetate is classified as a hazardous substance with hazard statements: H225 (Flammable liquid and vapor), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H315 (Causes skin irritation), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation), H336 (May cause drowsiness and dizziness). Signal word: Dangerous. UN number: 1220 (Class 3, Packing Group II). NFPA 704: Health Hazard 2, Flammability 3, Instability 0.
Health hazards: Vapors may cause respiratory irritation, headache, drowsiness, and dizziness. Causes skin and eye irritation.
First aid measures: If in eyes – rinse with water; on skin – wash with water and soap; if inhaled – fresh air; if swallowed – rinse mouth, do NOT induce vomiting, seek medical attention.
Fire and explosion hazard: Flammable liquid (flash point 2–16.7°C). Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air (1.8–7.8% by volume). In case of fire use alcohol-resistant foam, powder or CO₂.
Storage and stability: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, dry, well-ventilated place. Shelf life: 24–60 months in sealed original containers.
Regulatory compliance: Isopropyl acetate (CAS#108-21-4, EC#203-561-1) is listed in the EINECS, TSCA, and DSL registries. It is regulated by OSHA (PEL: 100 ppm) and ACGIH (TLV: 100 ppm, STEL: 150 ppm). For complete information, refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
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