Ukushintsha komhlaba wonke okuya ekuhambeni ngogesi kuguqule ishaja ye-EV isuka ekubeni yisisetshenziswa esingajwayelekile yaba ingqalasizinda yomphakathi ebalulekile. Yonke imoto exhunywayo, kungaba imoto encane yedolobha noma iloli likagesi elihamba ibanga elide, incike emishinini yokushaja ethembekile ukuze ihambe nhlobo. EChina kuphela, izigidi zeziteshi zokushaja ze-EV zisetshenzisiwe eshumini leminyaka eledlule, futhi ukwakhiwa okufanayo manje kuyashesha kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eNyakatho Melika naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia. IGuangzhou Xianghui New Energy Technology ibilokhu iyingxenye yalelo gagasi, iklama futhi ikhiqize amashaja aphathekayo, amabhokisi asodongeni asekhaya, neziteshi zokushaja ze-AC zezentengiselwano zozakwethu emhlabeni wonke. Ukwazi ukuthi ishaja ye-EV yenzani ngempela, ukuthi yakhiwe kanjani, nokuthi ungayikhetha kanjani efanele sekuyikhono elisebenzayo kubashayeli, abaphathi bezikhungo, nabafaki ngokufanayo. Le mhlahlandlela iqoqa ulwazi onjiniyela bethu abalwabelana ngalo namakhasimende nsuku zonke, kusukela ezincazelweni eziyisisekelo kuya kuma-electronics kagesi athuthukile kanye nokuhlelwa kokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside.

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, kufanelekile ukucacisa ukudideka okuvela njalo ezingxoxweni zokuthenga. Abantu bavame ukusebenzisa "i-EV charger" kanye "nesiteshi sokushaja i-charge point" njengokungathi la magama amabili ayashintshana, kodwa achaza ububanzi obuhlukene bemishini. I-charger iyithuluzi lokuguqula amandla elinikeza amandla ebhethrini lemoto. Isiteshi sokushaja siyindawo ephelele: i-charger, isakhiwo sokufaka, izintambo, itheminali yokukhokha, kanye nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi ngemuva kwayo. I-wallbox egaraji iyi-charger, kuyilapho isikhungo somphakathi esinamabhokisi ayisithupha, i-canopy, kanye ne-kiosk yokukhokha kuyisiteshi sokushaja. Kubabhizinisi abahlela ingqalasizinda, lokho kwehlukanisa kubalulekile ngoba izindleko zokusebenzisa imali, izimvume, izibopho zokusebenza ngaso sonke isikhathi, kanye nemithwalo yomsebenzi yokunakekela kuyehluka kakhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili. Ungabuka uhla oluphelele lwezingxenyekazi zekhompyutha ku-IMIKHIKHA ikhasi ukuze ubone ukuthi umndeni ngamunye womkhiqizo uhambisana kanjani nokusetshenziswa kwangempela.

Yonke i-chaja ye-EV, kusukela kuyunithi ephathekayo elingana nekhwama kuya kukhabhinethi yaphansi engu-180 kW, iqukethe amabhulokhi okusebenza afanayo ahlelwe ngamazinga ahlukene. Kunesigaba sokufaka esamukela ugesi oguquguqukayo ovela kugridi futhi sihlanze umsindo kagesi. Kunesigaba sokuguqula amandla, okuthi kumashaja asheshayo e-DC sifake isiguquli se-AC-kuya-DC futhi kaningi nesiguquli se-DC-kuya-DC. Izinto zokulawula zilawula isikhathi sokushaja, zixhumane nemoto, futhi ziphoqelele imikhawulo yamanje ne-voltage ngesikhathi sangempela. Imojuli yokulinganisa ikala amandla anikeziwe ukuze ukukhokhisa, ukubika, noma ukubalwa kwezimoto kuhlale kunembile. Imojuli yokuxhumana ixhumanisa iyunithi nephulatifomu yangemuva nge-Wi-Fi, i-Ethernet, noma i-4G. Idizayini yesivalo, ukuphathwa kokushisa, kanye namakhompiyutha ekhebula elisindayo kuqedela konke. Ngayinye yale mabhulokhi inquma ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle, impilo yesevisi, kanye nezindleko eziphelele zobunikazi.

Indlela yokushaja empeleni ilula kunalokho izicishe zonke izishayeli ezikucabangayo. Lapho imoto ixhunywa, ishaja kanye nohlelo lokuphatha ibhethri lomoto benza isivumelwano sokuxoxisana nge-voltage, i-current, namandla aphezulu amukelekayo. Ekushajeni nge-AC, ishaja inikeza i-alternating current kanti ishaja yangaphakathi yomoto iyiguqulela kube yi-direct current edingwa ibhethri. Ekushajeni ngokushesha nge-DC, lokho kuguqulwa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi yeshaja, yingakho amayunithi e-DC emakhulu, esinda, futhi ebiza kakhulu. Amandla okushaja akalwa ngama-kilowatt, kanti amandla anikezwayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akalwa ngama-kilowatt-hour. Ishaja ye-AC engu-7 kW kanye neshaja ye-DC engu-120 kW zinikeza amanani ahluke kakhulu amandla esikhathini esifanayo semizuzu engamashumi amathathu, futhi lelo gebe yilona elakha indlela yokushaja yangempela. Ukuqonda la mayunithi kwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuqhathanisa izicaciso ngobuqotho nokubikezela izikhathi zokushaja ngaphambi kokuba uthenge.

Ama-chaja e-EV avame ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu, futhi isigaba ngasinye sinenjongo ehlukile. Ithuluzi leLevel 1 lixhunywa embotsheni ejwayelekile yasendlini futhi ngokuvamile lihambisa cishe u-1.4 kuya ku-2.4 kW, lengeza kuphela amakhilomitha ambalwa ebangeni ngehora. Ama-chaja e-Level 2 e-AC asebenza ngama-volts angu-208 kuya ku-240 esigaba esisodwa noma ama-volts angu-400 ezigaba ezintathu futhi ahambisa phakathi kuka-3.6 kW no-22 kW, okuwenza abe yisinqumo esizenzakalelayo emakhaya, ezindaweni zokusebenza, emahhotela, nasezindaweni zokupaka zezitolo. Ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kuqala cishe ku-50 kW futhi manje sekufinyelela ku-350 kW noma ngaphezulu emizileni yezinga eliphezulu, kunciphisa ukushaja okubalulekile kube imizuzu engamashumi amabili noma amashumi amathathu. Izimo zokusetshenziswa zilandela izinga lamandla: ukushaja ebusuku emakhaya kuthanda i-AC, ukushaja endaweni oya kuyo kuthanda i-AC yamandla aphakathi noma i-DC encane, futhi imizila yomgwaqo omkhulu kanye nezimoto eziningi zithanda i-DC yamandla aphezulu. Abashayeli abafuna "iziteshi zokushaja i-ev eduze kwami" ngokuvamile bafuna ngqo le nhlanganisela yama-Level 2 kanye ne-DC ebangeni elifanele lokushayela.

Izindinganiso zokuxhuma zengeza olunye uhlaka lwenkinga okufanele abathengi baluhlelele. Uhlobo 1 (J1772) lubusa eNyakatho Melika naseJapane ekushajeni nge-AC, kuyilapho Uhlobo 2 (Mennekes) luyindinganiso yaseYurophu futhi lusekela amandla ezigaba ezintathu. Ekushajeni nge-DC, i-CCS1 ne-CCS2 seziphenduke izinkundla zomhlaba ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, i-CHAdeMO isalokhu ivamile ezimotweni zakudala zaseJapane, kanti i-GB/T ilawula imakethe yaseShayina. I-NACS isisakaze ngokushesha eNyakatho Melika futhi manje isamukelwa iningi labakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu. Ngokomzimba, amashaja nawo ahlukaniswa ngezindlela ze-wallbox ne-floor-mounted, kanye nokuhlelwa kokufaka kwesigaba esisodwa nezigaba ezintathu. Ukukhetha indinganiso yokuxhuma engalungile kungenye yamaphutha abiza kakhulu umkhumbi wamabhizinisi ongawenza, ngakho-ke hlala uqinisekisa ukuhambisana ngaphambi kokuzibophezela kumyalo omkhulu.

I-modern EV charger design iyisifundo se-software njengoba nje iyisifundo se-hardware. Ama-power electronics asekelwe ku-silicon carbide kanye nama-insulated-gate bipolar transistors athuthukile anyuse ukusebenza kahle ngaphezu kuka-95 percent kumayunithi e-DC aklanywe kahle. Ukushaja okuhlakaniphile kuvumela umnikazi wendawo ukuthi anciphise isidingo sisonke, ashintshele izikhathi zokushaja emahoreni angenamathrafikhi amaningi, futhi agweme ukuthuthukiswa kukagesi okubizayo. Ukulinganisela komthwalo okuguquguqukayo kusabalalisa amandla akhona kuzixhumi eziningi ukuze ukwengeza izimoto kungagcini ngokuqhumisa i-main breaker. Ukuhambisana ne-Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) kuvumela abasebenzi ukuthi baphathe i-hardware evela kubathengisi abahlukene ngaphakathi kwedashboard eyodwa. Amakhadi e-RFID, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, kanye namatheminali okukhokha ngaphandle kokuthinta kunikeza abashayeli izindlela eziguquguqukayo zokuqala isikhathi sokushaja nokukhokhela kona. Izibuyekezo ze-firmware ezikude zigcina amayunithi asetshenzisiwe ehambisana namazinga amasha ngaphandle kokuvakasha endaweni. Emabhizinisini, lezi zici zihumusha ngqo ezindlekweni zokusebenza eziphansi kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kweshaja.

I-Safety engineering yilapho abakhiqizi abadumile bazihlukanisa khona kwabanye. Ishaja ye-EV eyakhiwe kahle ihlanganisa ukuvikelwa kokugcwala komsinga, ukutholwa kokugcwala ngokweqile nokungaphansi kwe-voltage, ukuvikelwa kwephutha lomhlaba kanye nokuvuza komsinga, kanye nokuqapha okushisayo okwehlisa umkhiqizo ngaphambi kokuba izingxenye zishise kakhulu. Ukuvikelwa kokungena esakhiweni, okuvame ukuba yi-IP54, IP65, noma IP66, kunquma ukuthi iyunithi iyasinda yini emvuleni, othulini, nomswakama wasogwini. Ukuvikelwa kwe-surge kubalulekile ezifundeni ezinogesi olungazinzile noma umbani ovame ukwenzeka. Isitifiketi sitshela umthengi ukuthi lokhu kuvikelwa kwaqinisekiswa ngokuzimela: i-CE ne-RoHS yaseYurophu, i-TUV yezimakethe ezikhuluma isiJalimane, i-UL yaseNyakatho Melika, kanye ne-IEC 61851 ne-IEC 62955 yezidingo zamazwe ngamazwe zokuphepha kanye ne-residual current. Hlala ubuza izinombolo zesitifiketi, hhayi nje amalogo. Ishaja engenaso isitifiketi esiqinisekisekayo iyingozi yomshuwalense kanye nesibopho okungekho bhizinisi okufanele liyemukele.

Ukukhetha ishaja ye-EV kuqala ngemibuzo emine esebenzayo. Okokuqala, iyiphi imoto noma yiziphi izimoto ezizoxhunywa, futhi yiluphi uhlobo lwesixhumi kanye namandla aphezulu e-chaja esemotweni abawamukelayo? Okwesibili, angakanani amandla ugesi wendawo angawakhokhela ngempela ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa okubizayo? Okwesithathu, iyofakwa kuphi le yunithi, futhi yiziphi izimo zemvelo okufanele ibekezelele? Okwesine, siyini isabelomali sangempela, hhayi kuphela sokuthenga kodwa nesokufaka, ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, kanye neminyaka emihlanu kuya kweshumi yokusebenza? Umnikazi wendlu onemoto eyodwa angase asetshenziswe kahle yi-wallbox engu-7 kW, kanti indawo yokugcina impahla eqhuba amaveni angamashumi amane idinga ukusatshalaliswa kwesigaba samayunithi e-AC angu-22 kW kanye namashaja asheshayo e-DC akhethiwe. Ukufanisa umkhiqizo nomsebenzi kuvimbela ukusebenzisa imali ngokweqile futhi kuvimbele inkinga embi kakhulu yokunikeza amandla angaphansi endaweni. YethuIKHAYA ikhasi lichaza ukuthi imigqa yemikhiqizo ephathwayo, yasekhaya, neyentengiselwano ihambisana kanjani nalezi zimo.

Ukukhula nokubuyiselwa kwemali okutshalwe kufanele kube nesisindo esilinganayo esinqumweni. Ishaja engakwazi ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi noma ukuthuthukiswa izoba umshini ongasebenzi eminyakeni embalwa, ngakho khetha amamodeli asekela i-OCPP, ukulinganisa, kanye namandla okubuyekeza i-firmware. Ukuphathwa kwamandla kubaluleke kakhulu lapho izindleko zokufunwa zilawula ibhili likagesi; isistimu eyodwa yokulinganisa umthwalo ehlelwe kahle ingazikhokhela ngokwayo ngokushesha kunanoma yisiphi isaphulelo sezingxenyekazi. Lapho uhlola izindleko zeziteshi zokushaja i-EV, khumbula ukuthi izingxenyekazi zivame ukuba ngamaphesenti angama-30 kuya kwangama-50 kuphela kwisabelomali sesamba somsebenzi, kanti okusele kuya emsebenzini kagesi, ukugubha imisele, izimvume, kanye nenethiwekhi. Abaqhubi bezimoto kufanele balinganisele ukusetshenziswa ngokweqiniso, ngoba ukwakha umthamo owedlulele ohlala ungasetshenziswa kunciphisa ukubuyiselwa kwemali. Abathengi abahlela iminyaka eyishumi kuneminyaka emibili bathola umnotho ongcono ngokungaguquki. Yingakho sikhuthaza wonke amakhasimende ukuthi aqale ngokuhlolwa kwesiza ngaphambi kokukhetha imodeli.

Ikhwalithi yokufaka inquma ukuthi ishaja izosebenza ngokuphelele iminyaka eyishumi noma ihluleke phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa. Inqubo iqala ngokuhlolwa kwendawo okubuyekezwa kukho amandla kagesi atholakalayo, amabanga okuhamba kwekhebula, izidingo zokugubha imisele, nezimo zokuxhuma phansi. Ugesi onelayisensi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi iphaneli enkulu inamandla engeziwe futhi, lapho ingenayo, ancome ukuphathwa komthwalo noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesevisi esikhundleni sesisombululo esingaphephile. Izimvume nezaziso zenkampani yezinsiza kusebenza ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwesifunda futhi kufanele zisingathwe ngaphambi kokuba noma yiliphi ihadiwe lifike endaweni. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezentengiselwano, imithetho yokufinyeleleka, izimpawu, nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokupaka kufanele kuhlelwe kanyekanye nomklamo kagesi, ngoba ukukulungisa kamuva kuyabiza. Izinto zesakhiwo nazo zibalulekile: amakhabethe e-DC abekwe phansi asinda futhi ngokuvamile adinga iphedi likakhonkolo. Ukubhala umklamo ngedayagramu elilodwa elilula konga isikhathi esiningi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa nokwandiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Lapho isiqalile ukusebenza, ishaja ye-EV ivuza uhlelo oluncane lokunakekela okuvimbelayo. Ochwepheshe kufanele bahlole izintambo ukuthi azigugile yini, bahlole izikhonkwane zesixhumi ukuthi azishisi noma ashintshi umbala yini, baqinisekise i-torque ezixhumweni zetheminali, futhi bahlanze noma bashintshe izihlungi zomoya lapho kusetshenziswa khona amafeni okupholisa. I-firmware kufanele igcinwe isesikhathini ukuze ukuxhumana kwe-OCPP, inkokhelo, nezichibiyelo zokuphepha zihambisane neplatifomu yangemuva. Amaphutha ajwayelekile afaka ukucisha kwe-ground-fault okubangelwa umswakama, amaphutha okuxhumana abangelwa isignali yeselula ebuthakathaka, kanye nokukhipha okuncishisiwe okubangelwa ukuvinjelwa komoya. Iningi lalezi zinkinga lingatholwa kude ngaphambi kokuba umchwepheshe athunyelwe, okuyisizathu esiqinile sezingxenyekazi ezixhumene nenethiwekhi. Ukugcina irekhodi elilula lawo wonke amaphutha eseshini nokuvakasha kosizo kwembula amaphethini kude ngaphambi kokuba abe ukwehluleka okubizayo. Ishaja enakekelwe kahle futhi ivikela imoto, okuyisizathu abanikazi abaningi abangasinaki. YethuUkusekela Ithimba lihlinzeka ngeziqondiso zokuxazulula izinkinga kanye nezingxenye zokushintsha zamayunithi asetshenzisiwe.

Izingqalasizinda zokushaja zikhula ngokushesha okungaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yomkhakha wamandla. Ohulumeni baseYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika banqume imigomo yobuningi bezishaja emigwaqweni emikhulu nasezakhiweni ezintsha zokuhlala, futhi abaningi manje baxhumanisa imithetho yokwakha nokulungela izimoto zikagesi. Izikhuthazo zokuthenga, izikweletu zentela, nezinhlelo zezibonelelo zehlise izindleko ezisebenzayo zazo zombili izingxenyekazi zekhompyutha nokufakwa kwamabhizinisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlangano zamazinga zihlangana emigomeni efanayo, okunciphisa ingozi yokutshala imali endaweni yesikhulumi esizophela. Izinkampani zikagesi ziya ngokuya zithatha ukushaja okulawulwayo njengempahla yegridi kunokuba kube umthwalo, ngoba isidingo esiguquguqukayo sizisiza ukumunca ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo okungaguquguquki. Amazinga okuthembeka nezidingo zokubika isikhathi sokusebenza nakho kuyaqina ezimakethe eziningi. Kubakhiqizi abafana neGuangzhou Xianghui New Energy Technology, lokhu kusho ukuklama imikhiqizo ehlangabezana nezitifiketi eziningi zesifunda ezivela endaweni eyodwa yobunjiniyela.

Uma ubheka phambili, imisinga emithathu yezobuchwepheshe izobumba isizukulwane esilandelayo semikhiqizo yamashaja e-EV. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo kuzophusha amashaja ukuthi asebenzisane nelanga lasendaweni kanye nokugcinwa kwebhethri, ukuze izimoto zishaje lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kukhulu kunalapho ugridi licindezelwe. Ukusebenza kwe-Vehicle-to-grid kanye ne-vehicle-to-load kuzoguqula izimoto ezimile zibe izinsiza zamandla ezisabalele, futhi ihadiwe elilungele ukusebenza ngezindlela ezimbili isivele ivela kumamephu omgwaqo wemikhiqizo. Ukuxhumana kwegridi elihlakaniphile kuzosuka ekubeni yinto ozikhethela yona kuye ekubeni yinto elindelekile, namashaja abambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuphendula kwesidingo ngokuzenzakalela. Okwamanje, umbono wemakethe wokushaja nge-AC usaqinile ezindaweni zokuhlala nasezindaweni zokusebenza, kuyilapho ukushaja ngokushesha nge-DC kuzogxila emigwaqweni emikhulu nasezindaweni zezentengiselwano ezinokushintshashintsha okuphezulu. Abaqhubi abaqonda zombili lezi zigaba bazoba sesimweni esingcono kakhulu sokuthola inzuzo. Silandelela lezi zenzakalo ngokuqhubekayo kuma-IZINDABA ikhasi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwangempela kwembula lokho okungenakwenziwa yizincazelo zodwa. Amakhasimende asezindlini ngokuvamile abika ukuthi ishaja eyodwa ye-AC engu-7 kW iqeda cishe zonke izitobhi zokushaja zomphakathi, ngoba ukushaja ebusuku kukhokhela uhambo lwansuku zonke ngokukhululekile. Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano ezifana namahhotela nezikhungo zezitolo zithola ukuthi ukushaja endaweni yokufika kwandisa isikhathi sokuhlala nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, ngisho noma amandla ngokwawo engeyona indawo yenzuzo. Abaqhubi bamaflethi abasebenzisa amaveni okulethwa bathola ukonga okukhulu ngokuhlanganisa ukushaja kwe-AC edepho nokugcwalisa okusekelwe emzileni, okunciphisa kokubili izindleko zikaphethiloli nokungasebenzi kwezimoto. Amaphrojekthi kamasipala nawomphakathi agxila ekusebenzeni isikhathi eside nasekufinyelelekeni, ngoba ishaja eyephukile yonakalisa ngokushesha ukwethemba komphakathi kulo lonke ushintsho. Kuzo zonke lezi zimo zokusetshenziswa, izici zempumelelo ezivamile ukuhlela okunembile kwangaphambili, ihadiwe eqinisekisiwe, kanye nozakwethu wesevisi ophendula ngokushesha. I-Guangzhou Xianghui New Energy Technology isekela lolu hambo ngokwenza ngokwezifiso kwe-OEM ne-ODM, ukukhiqiza kwangaphakathi, nosizo lobuchwepheshe lwezilimi eziningi, njengoba kuchazwe ku-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi.

Isikhathi sokushaja sincike emandleni okukhipha ishaja, umkhawulo weshaja yangaphakathi yemoto, kanye nesimo sokushaja kwebhethri. Ishaja yasekhaya ye-AC engu-7 kW ngokuvamile yengeza ukushaja okugcwele ebusuku emahoreni ayisithupha kuya kwayishumi. Ishaja esheshayo ye-DC engu-50 kW ingafinyelela kumaphesenti angu-80 cishe ngemizuzu engamashumi amathathu kuya kwengamashumi ayisithupha, kanti iyunithi engu-150 kW ingakwenza ngemizuzu engamashumi amabili noma ngaphansi. Isimo sezulu esibandayo kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokushaja kokubili kubambezela ingxenye yokugcina yanoma yisiphi isikhathi sokushaja.

Qala ngokuhlonza izinga lesixhumi semoto yakho kanye namandla aphezulu eshaja esemotweni. Izimoto zaseNyakatho Melika ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-Type 1 noma i-NACS, izimoto zaseYurophu zisebenzisa i-Type 2 ne-CCS2, kanti izimoto zaseShayina zisebenzisa i-GB/T. Ishaja ye-Level 2 AC engu-7 kW kuya ku-11 kW yanelisa abanikazi abaningi abazimele. Ukushaja kwe-DC komphakathi kulinganiswa ngezinga lokwamukela i-DC lemoto hhayi ngamandla aphezulu eshaja.

Yebo, imizi eminingi ingasekela ishaja ye-EV ezinikele, inqobo nje uma iphaneli kagesi inamandla engeziwe. Ugesi onelayisensi kufanele ahlole insizakalo, afake isekethe ezinikele, futhi afake amadivaysi okuvikela afanele. Uma amandla elinganiselwe, idivaysi yokuphatha umthwalo ingakuvumela ukuthi ugcine iphaneli ekhona. Izimvume zingase zidingeke kuye ngemithetho yendawo, ngakho qinisekisa ngaphambi kokuba ukufakwa kuqale.

Ukushaja nge-AC kudlulisa ugesi oguquguqukayo (alternating current) emshinini, bese ishaja engaphakathi emotweni iwuguqulela kugesi oqondile (direct current) ukuze ifakwe ebhethri. Ukushaja ngokushesha nge-DC kwenza lokho kuguqulwa ngaphakathi kwekhabhinethi yeshaja, okuvumela amazinga amandla aphezulu kakhulu. Imishini ye-AC ishibhile futhi ayilimazi kakhulu amabhethri, kanti imishini ye-DC iyashesha futhi ifaneleka kangcono emigwaqweni emikhulu kanye nezimoto eziningi.

Izindleko ze-Hardware ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngezinga lamandla, isitifiketi, nezici zenethiwekhi, futhi ukufakwa kuvame ukwengeza inani elilinganayo. Ukufakwa okulula kwezindlu yikona okungabizi kakhulu, kuyilapho amaphrojekthi ezentengiselwano afaka ukumba imisele, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-transformer, noma amakhabethe amaningi e-DC akhuphuka ngokushesha. Lapho ulinganisa izindleko zeziteshi zokushaja i-EV, hlala ufake izimvume, imisebenzi yomphakathi, inethiwekhi, kanye nokunakekelwa kweminyaka emihlanu. Izikhuthazo zikahulumeni ezifundeni eziningi zikhokhela ingxenye ebalulekile yesamba esiphelele.

Uhlelo oluyisisekelo lokunakekela luhlanganisa ukuhlolwa ngamehlo kwezintambo nezixhumi, ukubheka ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukushintsha kombala, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amafeni okupholisa nezindawo zokungena komoya zivulekile. I-firmware kufanele ibuyekezwe njalo ukuze kugcinwe ukuphepha nokusekelwa kwezivumelwano kusesikhathini. Ukuphazamiseka kwe-ground-fault namaphutha okuxhumana yizinkinga ezivame kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile zingatholwa kude. Ukugcina irekhodi lensizakalo kusiza ukukhomba izinkinga eziphindelelayo ngaphambi kokuba zibangele ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini.

Bheka i-CE ne-RoHS ukuze kuhambisane nezidingo zaseYurophu, i-TUV ukuze kwamukeleke emakethe yaseJalimane, i-UL eNyakatho Melika, kanye ne-IEC 61851 noma i-IEC 62955 ukuze kuphephe umhlaba wonke. Izilinganiso zokuvikela ukungena njenge-IP54, IP65, noma IP66 zikhombisa ukumelana nothuli namanzi. Cela abahlinzeki izinombolo zezitifiketi kanye namalabhorethri akhipha izitifiketi esikhundleni sokuthembela kumalogo kuphela. Izingxenyekazi eziqinisekisiwe zivikela kokubili isimo sakho somshuwalense kanye nesithunzi sakho kubashayeli.

Inombolo efanele incike ekutheni zingaki izimoto ezizoshaja ngesikhathi esisodwa nokuthi ngayinye izohlala ixhunyiwe isikhathi esingakanani. Izindawo zokusebenza ngokuvamile zidinga isilinganiso esiphansi kunezindawo zokudayisa, ngoba izimoto zihlala zimile amahora amaningi. Indlela evamile iwukuqala ngephayilothi elincane bese uqaphela ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokwandisa. Ukuklama amapayipi kanye namandla kwephaneli ukuze kukhule esikhathini esizayo kubiza kancane kakhulu kunokulungisa kamuva.

Amashaja e-EV agunyazwe ngokufanele aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle futhi afaka izici zokuvimbela ukuvuza, ukudonsa amanzi, nokuvikelwa kokuvuza. Isigaxa se-IP65 noma i-IP66 singamelana nemvula enkulu nokugezwa, futhi ukuvikelwa kwe-ground-fault kuphazamisa amandla ngokushesha uma kutholakala iphutha. Izindawo ezisogwini nezindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu zizuza ekuvikelweni okwengeziwe kokugqwala. Hlala uqinisekisa ukuthi iyunithi efakiwe inesitifiketi esifanele isimo sakho sezulu.

I-OCPP, i-Open Charge Point Protocol, iyindinganiso yokuxhumana evumela amashaja ukuthi akhulume nezinkundla zokuphatha zangemuva. Ukukhetha ihadiwe ehambisana ne-OCPP kusho ukuthi awuboshiwe kusoftware yomthengisi oyedwa futhi ungashintsha noma uhlanganise izinkundla kamuva. Iphinde ivumele ukuxilongwa kude, izibuyekezo ze-firmware, imithetho yentengo, nezivumelwano zokuzulazula. Kunoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano noma kweqembu lezimoto, ukusekelwa kwe-OCPP kufanele kuthathwe njengemfuneko eyisisekelo hhayi njengokungeziwe okungakhethwa.